Malhotra Nikhil, Sharma Paras, Sood Hemant, Chandora Rahul, Arya Mamta, Rana Jai Chand, Singh Mohar
Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources Regional Station, Shimla, India.
Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India.
Front Plant Sci. 2022 Jun 22;13:898220. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2022.898220. eCollection 2022.
The northwest Indian Himalayas are often regarded as a for the presence of rich agro-biodiversity harboring locally adapted traditional crop landraces facing utter neglect owing to modern agricultural systems promoting high-yielding varieties. Addressing this challenge requires extricating the potential of such cultivars in terms of agro-morphological and nutritional attributes. In this study, 29 traditional crop landraces of maize (11), paddy (07), finger millet (03), buckwheat (05), and naked barley (03) were characterized and evaluated for target traits of interest. In maize, emerged as an early maturing landrace (107 days) with high concentrations of zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), and potassium (K), and showed the highest 100-seed weight (28.20 g). Similarly, exhibited high concentrations of K and phosphorus (P), and showed a high protein content (14.86 g/100 g) among paddy landraces. and showed high contents of protein (14.80 g/100 g) and flavonoids (20.50 mg/g) among buckwheat landraces, respectively, followed by , which exhibited the highest protein content (15.66 g/100 g) among naked barley landraces. Most of the target traits varied significantly ( < 0.05) among evaluated samples, except those associated with finger millet landraces. The grouping pattern obtained by principal component analysis (PCA) and multidimensional scaling (MDS) was congruent with the geographical relationship among the crop landraces. This study led to the identification of elite crop landraces having useful variations that could be exploited in plant breeding programs and biofortification strategies for future crop improvement. Our endeavor would aid in conserving the depleting Himalayan agro-biodiversity and promoting versatile traditional crops toward mainstream agriculture vis-à-vis future nutritional security.
印度喜马拉雅山脉西北部常被视为丰富农业生物多样性的宝库，这里蕴藏着适应当地环境的传统作物地方品种，但由于现代农业系统推广高产作物品种，这些品种正面临被完全忽视的境地。应对这一挑战需要挖掘这些品种在农业形态和营养特性方面的潜力。在本研究中，对29个传统作物地方品种进行了特征鉴定和目标性状评估，其中包括玉米（11个）、水稻（7个）、黍稷（3个）、荞麦（5个）和青稞（3个）。在玉米品种中，[品种名称1]是早熟地方品种（107天），锌（Zn）、铁（Fe）和钾（K）含量高，[品种名称2]的百粒重最高（28.20克）。同样，在水稻地方品种中，[品种名称3]的钾（K）和磷（P）含量高，[品种名称4]的蛋白质含量高（14.86克/100克）。在荞麦地方品种中，[品种名称5]和[品种名称6]的蛋白质含量（分别为14.80克/100克）和黄酮类化合物含量（20.50毫克/克）高，其次是[品种名称7]，其在青稞地方品种中蛋白质含量最高（15.66克/100克）。除与黍稷地方品种相关的性状外，大多数目标性状在评估样本间差异显著（P<0.05）。通过主成分分析（PCA）和多维尺度分析（MDS）得到的分组模式与作物地方品种间的地理关系一致。本研究鉴定出具有有用变异的优良作物地方品种，这些变异可用于植物育种计划和生物强化策略，以促进未来作物改良。我们的努力将有助于保护日益减少的喜马拉雅农业生物多样性，并推动多功能传统作物进入主流农业，以保障未来的营养安全。
