Rider Cynthia V
Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA.
Curr Opin Toxicol. 2022 Sep;31. doi: 10.1016/j.cotox.2022.100358. Epub 2022 Jun 9.
Component-based approaches for cumulative risk assessment provide an important tool for informing public health policy. While current quantitative cumulative risk assessments focus narrowly on pesticides that share a mechanism of action, growing scientific evidence supports expansion of their application to encompass stressors that target a common disease. Case studies have demonstrated dose additive effects of chemicals with different mechanisms of action on liver steatosis, craniofacial malformations, and male reproductive tract developmental disruption. Evidence also suggests that nonchemical stressors such as noise or psychosocial stress can modify effects of chemicals. Focused research attention is required before nonchemical stressors can routinely be included in quantitative cumulative risk assessments.
基于成分的累积风险评估方法为制定公共卫生政策提供了重要工具。虽然目前的定量累积风险评估狭隘地聚焦于具有共同作用机制的农药，但越来越多的科学证据支持将其应用扩展到针对常见疾病的应激源。案例研究表明，具有不同作用机制的化学物质对肝脂肪变性、颅面畸形和男性生殖道发育破坏具有剂量相加效应。证据还表明，噪音或心理社会压力等非化学应激源可改变化学物质的影响。在非化学应激源能够常规纳入定量累积风险评估之前，需要集中研究关注。
