GENUD (Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development) Research Group, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.
Agrifood Research and Technology Centre of Aragón -IA2-, CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.
Eur J Sport Sci. 2023 Jul;23(7):1375-1384. doi: 10.1080/17461391.2022.2092426. Epub 2022 Jul 11.
Physical exercise effects and ageing on fitness may be influenced by nutritional status. This study investigates the effects of a 6-month multicomponent exercise training (MCT) on nutritional status and evaluates if this type of exercise could affect differently body composition and physical fitness depending on the nutritional status of older adults with decreased functional capacity. Ninety-three participants (80.4 ± 6.0 y) were divided into control ( = 45) and intervention ( = 48) groups. The intervention consisted of a 6-month multicomponent training. Comparisons between changes in body composition and fitness during the 6-months were performed between individuals at risk of malnutrition and those well-nourished, according to the Mini Nutritional Assessment. Model mixed-effect analyses were used to investigate differences after the 6 months of MCT between groups. Well-nourished participants compared with those at risk of malnutrition had higher: arm (13.4 ± 3.5 vs 14.3 ± 33.6 repetitions) and leg strength (9.0 ± 3.0 vs 11.1 ± 3.3 repetitions), maximum walking speed (31.6 ± 13.1 vs 23.7 ± 6.3s), agility (11.9 ± 5.8 vs 8.3 ± 2.1s), and aerobic capacity (31.6 ± 13.1 vs 23.7 ± 6.3 m), at baseline. After the training, those without risk of malnutrition in CON decreased their nutritional status (-1.7 + 0.7 points). Those well-nourished that performed the intervention decreased total fat mass (-1.0 ± 0.3 kg) and body fat percentage (-1.2 ± 0.4%). Both groups of training improved similarly in all tests, except for balance, in which the well-nourished showed improvements of 6.3 ± 1.9s. These results underline the usefulness of MCT in improving physical fitness regardless of nutritional status and preventing nutritional status detriment in well-nourished older adults, who are fitter and benefit more, in terms of body composition. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03831841. Multicomponent exercise programme seems to be effective in delaying detriments in the nutritional status of well-nourished people.Well-nourished older people obtain more benefits in body composition from the multicomponent exercise than those at risk of malnutrition, decreasing adiposity.The positive effect of multicomponent exercise was observed in physical fitness independently of nutritional status.
身体锻炼对健康的影响以及衰老可能受到营养状况的影响。本研究调查了 6 个月的多成分运动训练（MCT）对营养状况的影响，并评估了这种类型的运动是否会根据功能能力下降的老年人群体的营养状况的不同，对身体成分和身体健康产生不同的影响。93 名参与者（80.4±6.0 岁）分为对照组（ = 45）和干预组（ = 48）。干预包括 6 个月的多成分训练。根据 Mini Nutritional Assessment，根据营养状况将个体分为营养不良风险和营养良好两组，比较 6 个月期间身体成分和健康状况的变化。使用模型混合效应分析来研究 MCT 6 个月后两组之间的差异。与营养不良风险的个体相比，营养良好的个体具有更高的手臂（13.4±3.5 与 14.3±33.6 次）和腿部力量（9.0±3.0 与 11.1±3.3 次）、最大步行速度（31.6±13.1 与 23.7±6.3s）、敏捷性（11.9±5.8 与 8.3±2.1s）和有氧能力（31.6±13.1 与 23.7±6.3m），在基线时。训练后，CON 组中没有营养不良风险的人营养状况下降（-1.7+0.7 分）。进行干预的营养良好的个体减少了总脂肪量（-1.0±0.3kg）和体脂百分比（-1.2±0.4%）。两组训练在所有测试中都得到了相似的改善，除了平衡，营养良好的个体改善了 6.3±1.9s。这些结果强调了多成分训练的有效性，无论营养状况如何，都可以改善身体健康，并防止营养良好的老年人的营养状况恶化，这些人更健康，更受益于身体成分。临床试验标识符：NCT03831841。多成分运动方案似乎可以有效延缓营养良好人群营养状况的恶化。营养良好的老年人从多成分运动中获得的身体成分益处比营养不良风险更大，减少肥胖。多成分运动的积极影响独立于营养状况而存在于身体健康中。
