Department of Entomology, Center for Vector Biology & Zoonotic Diseases, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, 123 Huntington Street, P.O. Box 1106, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Yale University, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, 21 Sachem Street, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
Salt Lake City Mosquito Abatement District, 2215 North 2200 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116-1108, USA.
Infect Genet Evol. 2022 Sep;103:105333. doi: 10.1016/j.meegid.2022.105333. Epub 2022 Jul 9.
Aedes aegypti (L.), the yellow fever mosquito, is also an important vector of dengue and Zika viruses, and an invasive species in North America. Aedes aegypti inhabits tropical and sub-tropical areas of the world and in North America is primarily distributed throughout the southern US states and Mexico. The northern range of Ae. aegypti is limited by cold winter months and establishment in these areas has been mostly unsuccessful. However, frequent introductions of Ae. aegypti to temperate, non-endemic areas during the warmer months can lead to seasonal activity and disease outbreaks. Two Ae. aegypti incursions were reported in the late summer of 2019 into York, Nebraska and Moab, Utah. These states had no history of established populations of this mosquito and no evidence of previous seasonal activity. We genotyped a subset of individuals from each location at 12 microsatellite loci and ~ 14,000 single nucleotide polymorphic markers to determine their genetic affinities to other populations worldwide and investigate their potential source of introduction. Our results support a single origin for each of the introductions from different sources. Aedes aegypti from Utah likely derived from Tucson, Arizona, or a nearby location. Nebraska specimen results were not as conclusive, but point to an origin from southcentral or southeastern US. In addition to an effective, efficient, and sustainable control of invasive mosquitoes, such as Ae. aegypti, identifying the potential routes of introduction will be key to prevent future incursions and assess their potential health threat based on the ability of the source population to transmit a particular virus and its insecticide resistance profile, which may complicate vector control.
埃及伊蚊（Aedes aegypti）（L.）是黄热病蚊子，也是登革热和寨卡病毒的重要传播媒介，也是北美的入侵物种。埃及伊蚊栖息在世界的热带和亚热带地区，在北美的主要分布在美国南部各州和墨西哥。埃及伊蚊的北部范围受到寒冷冬季月份的限制，在这些地区的建立大多不成功。然而，在温暖的月份，埃及伊蚊经常被引入温带、非地方性地区，这可能导致季节性活动和疾病爆发。2019 年夏末，内布拉斯加州约克和犹他州莫阿布报告了两次埃及伊蚊入侵。这些州以前没有这种蚊子的建立种群的历史，也没有以前季节性活动的证据。我们在 12 个微卫星基因座和~14000 个单核苷酸多态性标记对来自每个地点的个体进行了基因分型，以确定它们与世界其他种群的遗传亲缘关系，并研究它们可能的引入来源。我们的结果支持每次引入都来自不同的来源。犹他州的埃及伊蚊可能来自亚利桑那州图森或附近地区。内布拉斯加州标本的结果不那么确凿，但指向美国中南部或东南部的起源。除了对入侵蚊子（如埃及伊蚊）进行有效、高效和可持续的控制外，确定潜在的引入途径将是防止未来入侵的关键，并根据源种群传播特定病毒的能力及其对杀虫剂的抗性概况来评估其潜在的健康威胁，这可能会使病媒控制复杂化。
