Center for Precision Environmental Health & Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, USA.
Center for Precision Environmental Health & Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, USA.
Semin Cell Dev Biol. 2023 May 30;141:3-13. doi: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.07.002. Epub 2022 Jul 9.
Recent advances in pluripotent stem cell culture allow researchers to generate not only most embryonic cell types, but also morphologies of many embryonic structures, entirely in vitro. This recreation of embryonic form from naïve cells, known as synthetic morphogenesis, has important implications for both developmental biology and regenerative medicine. However, the capacity of stem cell-based models to recapitulate the morphogenetic cell behaviors that shape natural embryos remains unclear. In this review, we explore several examples of synthetic morphogenesis, with a focus on models of gastrulation and surrounding stages. By varying cell types, source species, and culture conditions, researchers have recreated aspects of primitive streak formation, emergence and elongation of the primary embryonic axis, neural tube closure, and more. Here, we describe cell behaviors within in vitro/ex vivo systems that mimic in vivo morphogenesis and highlight opportunities for more complete models of early development.
近年来，多能干细胞培养的进展使得研究人员不仅能够生成大多数胚胎细胞类型，还能够在体外完全生成许多胚胎结构的形态。这种从原始细胞中重新创造胚胎形态的方法称为合成形态发生，它对发育生物学和再生医学都有重要意义。然而，基于干细胞的模型再现塑造自然胚胎的形态发生细胞行为的能力尚不清楚。在这篇综述中，我们探讨了几个合成形态发生的例子，重点是原肠胚形成和周围阶段的模型。通过改变细胞类型、来源物种和培养条件，研究人员已经重新创建了原始条纹形成、初级胚胎轴的出现和伸长、神经管闭合等方面的特征。在这里，我们描述了在模拟体内形态发生的体外/离体系统中细胞的行为，并强调了早期发育更完整模型的机会。
