Siberian Federal University, 79 Svobodnyi av., Krasnoyarsk, 660041, Russia.
Institute of Biophysics SB RAS, Federal Research Center 'Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS', 50/50 Akademgorodok, Krasnoyarsk, 660036, Russia.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2022 Dec;29(58):87602-87612. doi: 10.1007/s11356-022-21936-x. Epub 2022 Jul 11.
Phytotoxicity, cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of pesticides with various mechanisms of targeted activity were studied in a hydroponic culture of 2-day-old seedlings of Triticum aestivum. All studied pesticides (with the exception of metribuzin) exhibited dose-dependent phytotoxicity (inhibited the growth of the main root and reduced the yield of root biomass). All studied pesticides did not affect mitotic index in the root apex meristem but did affect the duration of some phases of mitosis. Herbicides increased, while fungicides, on the contrary, decreased the duration of the cytokinesis phase. All pesticides (1 μg/mL) exhibited genotoxic activity: in the root apex meristem the number of cells with mitotic abnormalities was significantly higher than in the control variant (7-14 times). The genotoxic activity of metribuzin and tebuconazole was 2 times lower than for tribenuron-methyl, fenoxaprop-P-ethyl, epoxiconazole and azoxystrobin. The genotoxicity of the studied pesticides was combined: depending on the class of the pesticide, clastogenic or aneugenous effects dominated.
采用水培法培养 2 日龄的冬小麦幼苗，研究了具有不同作用机制的农药的植物毒性、细胞毒性和遗传毒性。所有研究的农药（除二甲戊灵外）均表现出剂量依赖性的植物毒性（抑制主根生长并降低根生物量的产量）。所有研究的农药均未影响根尖分生组织的有丝分裂指数，但影响了有丝分裂某些阶段的持续时间。除草剂增加，而杀菌剂则相反，减少了胞质分裂阶段的持续时间。所有农药（1μg/mL）均表现出遗传毒性活性：根尖分生组织中具有有丝分裂异常的细胞数量明显高于对照（7-14 倍）。二甲戊灵和戊唑醇的遗传毒性活性比三氟啶磺隆、精噁唑禾草灵、乙氧氟草醚、环丙唑醇和肟菌酯低 2 倍。研究中的农药的遗传毒性具有组合性：根据农药的类别，以断裂剂或着丝粒外遗传毒性效应为主。
