Allergy Asthma Proc. 2022 Jul 1;43(4):356-362. doi: 10.2500/aap.2022.43.210098.
Both subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) and sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) are effective clinically against allergic rhinitis and allergic asthma, and modify the underlying immunologic abnormalities. Despite this, many patients who could benefit from receiving SCIT and SLIT do not because of concerns about safety and the inconvenience in receiving SCIT, and the long duration of treatment with both, 3-4 years being required for lasting benefit. Attempts to improve the efficacy and safety, and to shorten the course of allergen immunotherapy have taken many approaches. Some approaches have generated great enthusiasm, only to fail in larger trials and be discarded. Other approaches show some promise but perhaps not enough to achieve regulatory approval. Those approaches that seem to have the best chance of becoming available in the next few years include the following: intralymphatic and epicutaneous immunotherapy, vitamin D in patients with insufficient serum 25 hydroxy vitamin D, probiotics, and allergoids, but all require further studies before being ready for nonexperimental use or, where necessary, for regulatory approval.
皮下免疫疗法（SCIT）和舌下免疫疗法（SLIT）在临床上均对过敏性鼻炎和过敏性哮喘有效，并可纠正潜在的免疫异常。尽管如此，仍有许多可从 SCIT 和 SLIT 获益的患者未接受治疗，这是因为人们对治疗的安全性和便利性存在顾虑，以及 SCIT 和 SLIT 的治疗周期都很长，均需 3-4 年才能获得持久疗效。为提高疗效和安全性并缩短变应原免疫治疗的疗程，人们尝试了许多方法。其中一些方法曾引起广泛关注，但在更大规模的临床试验中却失败了，最终被摒弃。其他一些方法显示出一定的应用前景，但可能还不足以获得监管部门的批准。在未来几年内，有望投入应用的方法包括：淋巴内免疫疗法和经皮免疫疗法、血清 25-羟维生素 D 不足患者的维生素 D、益生菌和变应原，不过在准备用于非实验性应用或必要时获得监管部门批准之前，所有这些方法都需要进一步研究。
