Shell/UNN Centre for Environmental Management & Control, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Nigeria; Resource and Environmental Policy Research Centre, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria.
Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria; Resource and Environmental Policy Research Centre, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria.
Environ Pollut. 2022 Sep 15;309:119731. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119731. Epub 2022 Jul 9.
This study assessed the human health risk of exposure to legacy PAHs in the Nwaenebo River sediments that received effluents for over two decades from the Nigeria National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC) petroleum product Depot in Emene, Enugu, Nigeria. The study went further to estimate economic costs of the sediment PAHs pollution based on the human health risk of exposure. The human health risks were determined by estimating carcinogenic and mutagenic risks via Benzo[a]pyrene total potential equivalent (BaP TPE) and mutagenic equivalent quotient (MEQ). The economic costs of the sediment pollution comprised costs due to mortality and those due to morbidity and were estimated using the value of statistical lives (VSLs) and cost of illness (CoI), respectively. The study, with an appropriate selection of sampling points established that the NNPC petroleum Depot was responsible for the Nwaenebo River sediment PAHs pollution with ƩPAHs concentration 14.3-163 mg/kg. The carcinogenic and mutagenic risks varied from 1.310^-5 to 4.710^-5 and 1.410^-5 to 6.010^-5 respectively. Based on risk threshold of 10^-6, these risks were high. The long term economic costs of pollution of the sediments by the PAHs were estimated at 60.5 million USD and 0.46 million USD for mortality and morbidity costs, respectively.
本研究评估了 Nwaenebo 河沉积物中多环芳烃（PAHs）对人类健康的风险，这些沉积物在过去二十多年里一直受到来自尼日利亚恩古尼州埃梅恩（Emene）的尼日利亚国家石油公司（NNPC）石油产品仓库的污水排放的影响。本研究进一步根据暴露于沉积物中 PAHs 的人类健康风险来估算 PAHs 污染的经济成本。通过苯并[a]芘总潜在等效物（BaP TPE）和致突变等效系数（MEQ），对致癌和致突变风险进行了估算，从而确定了人类健康风险。考虑到死亡率、发病率，以及发病率所造成的经济成本和死亡率所造成的经济成本，分别使用生命统计价值（VSL）和疾病成本（CoI）对沉积污染的经济成本进行了估算。本研究通过适当选择采样点，发现 NNPC 石油仓库是造成 Nwaenebo 河沉积物中多环芳烃污染的原因，其总多环芳烃浓度为 14.3-163mg/kg。致癌和致突变风险分别在 1.310^-5 到 4.710^-5 和 1.410^-5 到 6.010^-5 之间变化。根据 10^-6 的风险阈值，这些风险是很高的。多环芳烃污染沉积物的长期经济成本估计分别为 6050 万美元和 46 万美元，用于死亡率和发病率成本。
