Universidade Estadual Paulista/UNESP, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Tecnológicas, Departamento de Produção Animal, Campus de Dracena, Rodovia Comandante João Ribeiro de Barros, Km 651, Bairro das Antas, 17900-000 Dracena, SP, Brazil.
Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária - Embrapa Amazônia Ocidental, Rodovia AM 010, Km 2, Caixa Postal 319, Zona Rural, 69010970 , AM, Brazil.
An Acad Bras Cienc. 2022 Jul 6;94(4):e20210258. doi: 10.1590/0001-3765202220210258. eCollection 2022.
Tambaqui is the second native fish most produced species in Brazil. Currently, tambaqui fish farms deals with serious sanitary problems due to the prevalence of the parasite Neoechinorhynchus buttnerae. However, the prevalence of the acanthocephalan parasite infections depends on the resistance and tolerance interactions between the host organisms and parasites. The immune response against parasites is divided between innate and acquired immunity. The innate defense is a result of physical barriers, cellular and humoral compounds. Acquired defense occurs through the production of antibodies (humoral) and is mediated by cells, mainly by type 2 T helper lymphocytes. Most parasites secrete a variety of immunomodulatory compounds that allow coexistence with the host and chronicity of the parasite. The host-parasite relationship is complex and makes prevention and treatment difficult. However, some studies show that the use of immunostimulants may have "systemic" effects. These include improvement of the intestinal mucosa health and also in the production of cellular and humoral compounds in the whole body, thus assisting treatment and control. As such, it is important to understand the mechanisms of resistance and tolerance in the host organisms so that prevention and treatment measures can be effective.
巨鲶是巴西第二大养殖鱼类，目前，由于寄生虫新棘吻虫的流行，鲶鱼养殖场存在严重的卫生问题。然而，棘头虫感染的流行取决于宿主生物和寄生虫之间的抗性和耐受性相互作用。对寄生虫的免疫反应分为先天免疫和获得性免疫。先天防御是物理屏障、细胞和体液化合物的结果。获得性防御是通过产生抗体（体液）和细胞介导的，主要由 2 型辅助性 T 淋巴细胞介导。大多数寄生虫会分泌多种免疫调节化合物，使寄生虫能够与宿主共存并长期存在。宿主-寄生虫的关系是复杂的，这使得预防和治疗变得困难。然而，一些研究表明，免疫刺激剂的使用可能具有“全身性”的效果。这些效果包括改善肠道黏膜健康，以及在全身产生细胞和体液化合物，从而有助于治疗和控制。因此，了解宿主生物的抗性和耐受性机制非常重要，这样才能使预防和治疗措施有效。
