University of Haripur, Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, Haripur, Pakistan.
University of Northern British Columbia, Faculty of Environment, Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, Prince George, Canada.
Braz J Biol. 2022 Jul 11;84:e262662. doi: 10.1590/1519-6984.262662. eCollection 2022.
A socio-economic study was conducted in district Mardan of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) province of Pakistan to get a comprehensive knowledge of the agroforestry tree species grown on the farmlands, their yield, and carbon stock. For yield and carbon stock estimation, data were collected from 59 sample plots by measuring the diameter, height, volume, and biomass of selected agroforestry tree species through D-tape and Haga altimeter. A total of 59 sample plots were inventoried using 2.5 percent sampling intensity. Each sample plot has an area of 0.5 ha, where each tree with a Diameter at Breast Height (DBH) ≥ 5 cm was inventoried. The calculated amount of volume of each tree species was then converted to biomass by multiplying it by the density of wood and the Biomass Expansion Factor (BEF). Total yield and C stock for the selected agroforestry tree species were 11535.2 metric tons and 2102.2 metric tons, respectively. Populus euroamericana is classified as the main tree with 28% growing stock prior to Morus alba by 21%, while Melia azedarach, Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Dalbergia sissoo, Acacia nilotica, Salix tetrasperma, and Bombax ceiba consist of 15%, 12%, 8%, 6%,7% and 3% growing stock respectively. Among the species found in different sampling plots the yield of Populus euroamericana was found to be 4747.5 metric tons and it was followed by the species Morus alba found at 2027.3 metric tons. Similarly, the volume for Melia azedarach, Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Dalbergia sissoo, Salix spp, Boombox ceiba, and Acacia nilotica was 1532.2 tons,1503 ton,745.7,203.5ton, 555.4ton and 220.5ton, respectively. The carbon stock for Populus euroamericana was calculated as 777.8 ton/ha, while for Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Melia azedarach, Morus alba, Dalbergia sissoo, Acacia nilotica, Salix species, and Bombax ceiba it was calculated as 312.3ton/ha, 272.1ton/ha, 363ton/ha, 245.1ton/ha, 51.4ton/ha, 27.3ton/ha and 53.2ton/ha, respectively. The questionnaire survey conducted for price dynamics showed that the majority of respondents purchase timber from the market for construction. But they use farm trees with low-quality city construction. They dislike using local timber in the conventional building as timber from farm trees is liable to insect attack. Rs. 50,000-100000, (33.33%) of daily sales was concluded from 50% of the trader while (16.7%) of the traders have their sales between Rs.150,000-200,000. Therefore, it is concluded by the authors that both provincial and federal government should promote agroforestry in Pakistan through different incentives because it has the potential to cope with dilemma of deforestation of natural forests and improve the livelihood of local peoples. It is strongly recommended that special projects just like the Ten Billion Tree Afforestation Project (T-BTTP) should be launched for agroforestry plantation and promotion in the country to sustain the ecological harmony and uplift the socio-economic condition of the peoples of Pakistan.
在巴基斯坦开伯尔-普赫图赫瓦省（KP）的马尔丹地区进行了一项社会经济研究，以全面了解在农田上种植的农林树种、它们的产量和碳储量。为了估算产量和碳储量，通过 D 带和 Haga 测高仪，从 59 个样本中测量了选定的农林树种的直径、高度、体积和生物量，以收集数据。使用 2.5%的抽样强度对 59 个样本进行了清查。每个样本的面积为 0.5 公顷，在每个胸径（DBH）≥5 厘米的树木上进行了清查。然后，通过将每种树种的体积乘以木材密度和生物量扩展系数（BEF），将计算出的每种树种的体积量转换为生物量。所选农林树种的总产量和碳储量分别为 11535.2 公吨和 2102.2 公吨。在之前的白杨（21%）之前，欧洲山杨（Populus euroamericana）被归类为主要树种，占 28%的种植面积，而桑树（Morus alba）、楝树（Melia azedarach）、桉树（Eucalyptus camaldulensis）、紫檀（Dalbergia sissoo）、柳树（Salix tetrasperma）和无忧树（Bombax ceiba）的种植面积分别为 15%、12%、8%、6%、7%和 3%。在不同采样点发现的物种中，欧洲山杨的产量为 4747.5 公吨，其次是桑树，为 2027.3 公吨。同样，楝树、桉树、紫檀、柳树、无忧树和相思树的体积分别为 1532.2 吨、1503 吨、745.7 吨、203.5 吨、555.4 吨和 220.5 吨。欧洲山杨的碳储量为 777.8 吨/公顷，而桉树、楝树、桑树、紫檀、相思树和柳树的碳储量分别为 312.3 吨/公顷、272.1 吨/公顷、363 吨/公顷、245.1 吨/公顷、51.4 吨/公顷、27.3 吨/公顷和 53.2 吨/公顷。进行价格动态问卷调查显示，大多数受访者从市场购买木材用于建筑。但他们使用质量较低的城市建设农场树木。他们不喜欢在传统建筑中使用当地木材，因为来自农场树木的木材容易受到昆虫的攻击。每天 50000-100000 卢比的销售额（33.33%）来自 50%的交易商，而（16.7%）的交易商的销售额在 150000-200000 卢比之间。因此，作者得出结论，省和联邦政府都应该通过不同的激励措施来促进巴基斯坦的农林，因为它有潜力应对天然森林砍伐的困境，并改善当地人民的生计。强烈建议为农林种植和推广开展类似十亿棵树造林计划（T-BTTP）等特别项目，以维持生态和谐，提升巴基斯坦人民的社会经济状况。
