Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China.
Center for Infectious Diseases, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China.
Chin Med J (Engl). 2022 Aug 20;135(16):1917-1926. doi: 10.1097/CM9.0000000000002233.
Iron is an essential trace element for both humans and bacteria. It plays a vital role in life, such as in redox reactions and electron transport. Strict regulatory mechanisms are necessary to maintain iron homeostasis because both excess and insufficient iron are harmful to life. Competition for iron is a war between humans and bacteria. To grow, reproduce, colonize, and successfully cause infection, pathogens have evolved various mechanisms for iron uptake from humans, principally Fe 3+ -siderophore and Fe 2+ -heme transport systems. Humans have many innate immune mechanisms that regulate the distribution of iron and inhibit bacterial iron uptake to help resist bacterial invasion and colonization. Meanwhile, researchers have invented detection test strips and coupled antibiotics with siderophores to create tools that take advantage of this battle for iron, to help eliminate pathogens. In this review, we summarize bacterial and human iron metabolism, competition for iron between humans and bacteria, siderophore sensors, antibiotics coupled with siderophores, and related phenomena. We also discuss how competition for iron can be used for diagnosis and treatment of infection in the future.
铁是人类和细菌必需的微量元素。它在生命中起着至关重要的作用，如在氧化还原反应和电子传递中。为了维持铁的平衡，需要严格的调节机制，因为过多和过少的铁对生命都是有害的。铁的竞争是人类和细菌之间的一场战争。为了生长、繁殖、定植和成功感染，病原体已经进化出了从人类中获取铁的各种机制，主要是 Fe 3+ - 鳌合物和 Fe 2+ - 血红素转运系统。人类有许多先天免疫机制来调节铁的分布，并抑制细菌摄取铁，以帮助抵抗细菌的入侵和定植。同时，研究人员发明了检测试条，并将抗生素与鳌合物结合，创造了利用这场铁之战的工具，以帮助消除病原体。在这篇综述中，我们总结了细菌和人类的铁代谢、人类和细菌之间的铁竞争、鳌合物传感器、与鳌合物结合的抗生素以及相关现象。我们还讨论了未来如何利用铁的竞争来诊断和治疗感染。
