Kahn Susanne K, Cohen Noah D, Bordin Angela I, Coleman Michelle C, Heird James C, Welsh Thomas H
Equine Infectious Disease Laboratory, Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA.
Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA.
Equine Vet J. 2023 May;55(3):376-388. doi: 10.1111/evj.13858. Epub 2022 Aug 3.
The bacterium Rhodococcus equi causes pneumonia in foals that is prevalent at breeding farms worldwide. In the absence of an effective vaccine, transfusion of commercial plasma from donor horses hyperimmunised against R. equi is used by many farms to reduce the incidence of pneumonia among foals at farms where the disease is endemic. The effectiveness of hyperimmune plasma for controlling R. equi pneumonia in foals has varied considerably among reports. The purposes of this narrative review are: (1) to review early studies that provided a foundational basis for the practice of transfusion of hyperimmune plasma that is widespread in the United States and in many other countries; (2) to summarise current knowledge of hyperimmune plasma for preventing R. equi pneumonia; (3) to provide an interpretive summary of probable explanations for the variable results among studies evaluating the effectiveness of transfusion of hyperimmune plasma for reducing the incidence of R. equi pneumonia; (4) to review mechanisms by which hyperimmune plasma might mediate protection; and (5) to consider risks of transfusing foals with hyperimmune plasma. Although the weight of evidence supports the practice of transfusing foals with hyperimmune plasma to prevent R. equi pneumonia, many important gaps in our knowledge of this topic remain including the volume/dose of hyperimmune plasma to be transfused, the timing(s) of transfusion, and the mechanism(s) by which hyperimmune plasma mediates protection. Transfusing foals with hyperimmune plasma is expensive, labour-intensive, and carries risks for foals; therefore, alternative approaches for passive and active immunisation to prevent R. equi pneumonia are greatly needed.
马红球菌可导致马驹患肺炎，这种疾病在全球繁殖场中普遍存在。在缺乏有效疫苗的情况下，许多养殖场会使用来自经马红球菌超免疫的供体马的商业血浆进行输血，以降低疾病流行养殖场中马驹患肺炎的发生率。关于超免疫血浆控制马驹马红球菌肺炎的有效性，各报告中的结果差异很大。本叙述性综述的目的是：（1）回顾早期研究，这些研究为在美国和许多其他国家广泛应用的超免疫血浆输血实践提供了基础依据；（2）总结关于超免疫血浆预防马红球菌肺炎的现有知识；（3）对评估超免疫血浆输血降低马红球菌肺炎发生率有效性的研究结果差异的可能解释进行解释性总结；（4）回顾超免疫血浆可能介导保护作用的机制；（5）考虑给马驹输注超免疫血浆的风险。尽管大量证据支持给马驹输注超免疫血浆以预防马红球菌肺炎的做法，但我们对该主题的了解仍存在许多重要空白，包括超免疫血浆的输注量/剂量、输血时间以及超免疫血浆介导保护作用的机制。给马驹输注超免疫血浆成本高、劳动强度大，且对马驹有风险；因此，迫切需要预防马红球菌肺炎的被动和主动免疫替代方法。
