Advanced Biotechnology Center, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, 400-8510, Japan.
Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, 400-8510, Japan.
Commun Biol. 2022 Jul 14;5(1):699. doi: 10.1038/s42003-022-03623-2.
The underlying mechanism for parental asymmetric chromatin dynamics is still unclear. To reveal this, we investigate chromatin dynamics in parthenogenetic, androgenic, and several types of male germ cells-fertilized zygotes. Here we illustrate that parental conflicting role mediates the regulation of chromatin dynamics. Sperm reduces chromatin dynamics in both parental pronuclei (PNs). During spermiogenesis, male germ cells acquire this reducing ability and its resistance. On the other hand, oocytes can increase chromatin dynamics. Notably, the oocytes-derived chromatin dynamics enhancing ability is dominant for the sperm-derived opposing one. This maternal enhancing ability is competed between parental pronuclei. Delayed fertilization timing is critical for this competition and compromises parental asymmetric chromatin dynamics and zygotic transcription. Together, parental competition for the maternal factor enhancing chromatin dynamics is a determinant to establish parental asymmetry, and paternal repressive effects have supporting roles to enhance asymmetry.
双亲不对称染色质动力学的潜在机制尚不清楚。为了揭示这一点，我们研究了孤雌生殖、雄激素和几种类型的雄性生殖细胞-受精卵的染色质动力学。在这里，我们说明双亲冲突角色介导了染色质动力学的调节。精子降低了双亲原核（PNs）中的染色质动力学。在精子发生过程中，雄性生殖细胞获得了这种降低能力及其抗性。另一方面，卵母细胞可以增加染色质动力学。值得注意的是，卵母细胞衍生的染色质动力学增强能力对于精子衍生的拮抗能力是占优势的。这种母源增强能力在双亲原核之间存在竞争。延迟受精时间对于这种竞争至关重要，会影响双亲不对称染色质动力学和胚胎转录。总之，双亲对增强染色质动力学的母源因子的竞争是建立双亲不对称性的决定因素，而父系的抑制作用则起到增强不对称性的支持作用。
