Yadav Thakur Prasad, Kumar Abhishek, Verma Satish Kumar, Mukhopadhyay Nilay Krishna
Department of Physics, Institute of Science, Hydrogen Energy Centre, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh India.
Department of Metallurgical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, 221005 India.
Trans Indian Natl Acad Eng. 2022;7(1):147-156. doi: 10.1007/s41403-021-00316-w. Epub 2022 Jan 9.
Hydrogen storage is one of the most significant research areas for exploiting hydrogen energy economy. To store hydrogen with a high gravimetric/volumetric density, gaseous hydrogen storage systems require a very high-pressure compressed gas cylinder which is quite unsafe and the storage in the liquid form needs cryogenic containers to be maintained at roughly 20 K under ambient pressure because hydrogen has a very low critical temperature of 33 K. However, hydrogen can be stored in solid materials with higher concentration of hydrogen compared to the gaseous and liquid hydrogen storage systems. It is therefore, worthwhile to look into the experimental and theoretical research on prospective hydrogen storage materials. The hydride-forming alloys and intermetallic compounds are found to be the most important families of hydrogen storage materials. Multicomponent alloys consisting of five or more principal elements, also known as high-entropy alloys appear to have potential for the development as hydrogen storage materials. Hydride-forming elements like Ti, Zr, V, Nb, Hf, Ta, La, Ce, Ni, and others have been shown to have hydrogen storage properties and the ability to produce single-phase high-entropy intermetallics. Here, attempts will be made to present a short review on utilization of multicomponent high-entropy alloys as solid hydrogen storage materials. Furthermore, we will also present some of our work on the synthesis, structural-microstructural characterization and hydrogen storage properties of Ti-Zr-V-Cr-Ni equi-atomic hydride-forming high-entropy alloys. From the preliminary investigation, the maximum storage capacity in this system was observed to be 1.78 wt%, which is comparable to other hydrogen storage materials. The prospects of high-entropy-based alloys for hydrogen storage will be discussed.
储氢是开发氢能经济最重要的研究领域之一。为了以高重量/体积密度储存氢气，气态储氢系统需要一个非常高压的压缩气瓶，这相当不安全，而液态储存需要在环境压力下将低温容器保持在约20K，因为氢气的临界温度非常低，仅为33K。然而，与气态和液态储氢系统相比，氢气可以以更高的氢浓度储存在固体材料中。因此，对潜在储氢材料进行实验和理论研究是值得的。发现形成氢化物的合金和金属间化合物是储氢材料中最重要的类别。由五种或更多主要元素组成的多组分合金，也称为高熵合金，似乎有作为储氢材料发展的潜力。像Ti、Zr、V、Nb、Hf、Ta、La、Ce、Ni等形成氢化物的元素已被证明具有储氢性能以及生产单相高熵金属间化合物的能力。在此，将尝试对多组分高熵合金作为固体储氢材料的应用进行简要综述。此外，我们还将介绍一些我们在Ti-Zr-V-Cr-Ni等原子形成氢化物的高熵合金的合成、结构-微观结构表征和储氢性能方面的工作。从初步研究来看，该系统中的最大储存容量为1.78 wt%，这与其他储氢材料相当。将讨论基于高熵合金的储氢前景。
