本科护生对临终关怀教育内容和教学方法的认知：一项定性、描述性研究。
Perceptions on the current content and pedagogical approaches used in end-of-life care education among undergraduate nursing students: a qualitative, descriptive study.
机构信息
Nursing School, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou, Hunan, China.
Nursing School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China.
出版信息
BMC Med Educ. 2022 Jul 16;22(1):553. doi: 10.1186/s12909-022-03625-y.
BACKGROUND
With the aging of the population, high rates of cancer and comorbidity complexity, the end-of-life care for patients will be ever more important. Nurses have always played an essential role in end-of-life care. Insufficient education and training in end-of-life care has been regarded as a major reason of inadequate symptom recognition, symptom management, and communication which results in mental trauma for both the patient's family and attending health care providers. Undergraduate nurses do end-of-life care as part of their clinical learning. However, undergraduate nurses' perceptions of the education they received about end-of-life care are not documented.
OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to critically explore the current state of education regarding end-of-life care from the perspectives of undergraduate nurses.
METHODS
We used a descriptive qualitative design. Face-to-face semi-structured interviews were conducted from May to August 2020, with a purposive sample of 15 fourth-year undergraduate nurses who finished the internship. Data were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using content analysis.
FINDINGS
Three main themes relating to undergraduate nurses' experiences of end-of-life care education emerged from the thematic analysis: 1) Universities provide foundational knowledge about end-of-life care, but it still needs improvement; 2) Clinical practice consolidates and drives undergraduate nurses' knowledge, skills and confidence about end-of-life care; and 3) cultural attitudes of patients' family toward disease and death sometimes impedes learning and knowledge translation about end-of-life care.
CONCLUSION
Undergraduate nursing students benefit from not only theoretical content delivered in the university setting but also practice happened on clinical placement. The current undergraduate curriculum, related to end-of-life care, is disjointed. Meanwhile, undergraduate nurses' learning and knowledge translation of end-of-life care are impeded by cultural attitudes toward disease and death.
背景
随着人口老龄化、癌症发病率高和合并症复杂性的增加，患者的临终关怀将变得越来越重要。护士在临终关怀中一直发挥着重要作用。临终关怀教育和培训不足被认为是导致症状识别、症状管理和沟通不足的主要原因，这给患者家属和医护人员带来了精神创伤。本科护士在临床学习中进行临终关怀。然而，并没有记录本科护士对临终关怀教育的看法。
目的
本研究旨在从本科护士的角度批判性地探讨临终关怀教育的现状。
方法
我们采用描述性定性设计。2020 年 5 月至 8 月，采用目的抽样法，对 15 名完成实习的四年级本科护士进行了面对面半结构式访谈。数据逐字转录，并使用内容分析法进行分析。
结果
从主题分析中得出与本科护士临终关怀教育体验相关的三个主要主题：1）大学提供临终关怀的基础知识，但仍需改进；2）临床实践巩固和推动本科护士临终关怀的知识、技能和信心；3）患者家属对疾病和死亡的文化态度有时会阻碍临终关怀的学习和知识转化。
结论
本科护生不仅受益于大学环境中提供的理论内容，也受益于临床实习中的实践。目前，与临终关怀相关的本科课程是不连贯的。同时，本科护士对疾病和死亡的文化态度阻碍了他们对临终关怀的学习和知识转化。
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