Kaftandjiev Iskren, Harizanov Rumen, Rainova Iskra, Mikov Ognyan, Tsvetkova Nina, Borisova Raina, Kaneva Eleonora
National Centre of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, 1504, Sofia, 26 Yanko Sakazov Blvd., Bulgaria.
Travel Med Infect Dis. 2022 Sep-Oct;49:102400. doi: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2022.102400. Epub 2022 Jul 14.
Bulgaria, with a high endemicity for malaria in the past, was declared by the WHO as a malaria-free country in 1965. We intended to analyze the epidemiological and clinical implications of imported malaria cases in Bulgaria.
This is a retrospective cross-sectional analysis of all recorded cases of imported malaria in Bulgaria over a 21-year period (2000-2020). Patients' clinical records and information gathered from the epidemiological survey of each recorded malaria case were reviewed.
A total of 232 cases of imported malaria were reported, 147 (63.4%) were Bulgarian citizens (BC) and 85 (36.6%) were foreign nationals (FN). Two thirds (66.4%) of cases were diagnosed from April to October. Most BCs had travelled for work (66.6%) to Africa (93.9%) and were infected with P. falciparum (83.3%), while most FNs were migrants (54.7%), exposed in Asia (63.5%) with P. vivax infection (62.4%). Clinical complications and a fatal outcome were noted in 14.7% (n = 34) and 3.5% (n = 8) of cases respectively. All complicated cases were in BNs with P. falciparum infection.
Bulgaria experiences a steady import of malaria. Efforts to improve diagnosis, management and prevention of malaria, as well as maintenance of a high degree of epidemiological vigilance are needed.
保加利亚过去疟疾流行率很高，1965年世界卫生组织宣布该国为无疟疾国家。我们旨在分析保加利亚输入性疟疾病例的流行病学和临床意义。
这是一项对保加利亚21年期间（2000 - 2020年）所有记录的输入性疟疾病例进行的回顾性横断面分析。回顾了患者的临床记录以及从每例记录的疟疾病例流行病学调查中收集的信息。
共报告232例输入性疟疾病例，其中147例（63.4%）为保加利亚公民（BC），85例（36.6%）为外国公民（FN）。三分之二（66.4%）的病例在4月至10月被诊断出来。大多数保加利亚公民因工作出行（66.6%）前往非洲（93.9%），感染恶性疟原虫（83.3%），而大多数外国公民是移民（54.7%），在亚洲感染间日疟原虫（63.5%）（62.4%）。分别有14.7%（n = 34）和3.5%（n = 8）的病例出现临床并发症和死亡。所有复杂病例均为感染恶性疟原虫的保加利亚公民。
保加利亚存在疟疾的持续输入情况。需要努力改善疟疾的诊断、管理和预防，以及保持高度的流行病学警惕。
