Tegegne Awoke Seyoum
Bahir Dar University, Department of Statistics, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.
J Trop Med. 2022 Jul 7;2022:9941380. doi: 10.1155/2022/9941380. eCollection 2022.
Globally, the transmission of HIV from one individual to another causes 1.8 million new infections each year, 36.7 million people living with HIV, and one million people died from HIV-related illnesses. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of the disclosure of HIV status to sexual partners and its determinants among adults under cART in the Amhara Region, northwest Ethiopia.
A retrospective study design was conducted on 792 randomly selected samples. The study was conducted in the Amhara Region, from 2015 to 2020. A binary logistic regression modeling was used for data analysis. The data were collected using a stratified random sampling technique where the residential areas were considered strata. Data were collected by trained health practitioners in the ART section in Felege Hiwot Teaching and Specialized Hospital. The hospital is a referral in which many patients from different districts and zonal hospitals in the region are referred to this hospital.
The rate of disclosure of HIV status to sexual partners in this study was 21%, which is very low compared to the average rate of disclosure in developing countries. Among the predictors, age of patients (AOR = 1.02, 95% CI:(1.001,1.120); -value = 0.004); number of baseline CD4 cell count (AOR = 0.980; 95% CI: (0.764, 0.991); -value<0.01); number of hospital visits (AOR = 1.01; 95% CI: (1.001, 1.034); -value < 0.01); marital status (living with partner) (AOR = 1.01; 95% CI: (1.003, 1.112); -value = 0.006); female HIV-positive adults (AOR = 1.01; 95% CI: (1.001, 1.021); -value = 0.007); rural residence (AOR = 0.98; 95% CI: (0.96, 0.99); -value = 0.004); non-educated adult patients (AOR = 0.950, 95% CI: (0.92. 0.98); -value = 0.003); cART non-adherent adult patients (AOR = 0.940, 95% CI: (0.61. 0.97); -value < 0.001); non-opportunistic infectious diseases (AOR = 1.062, 95% CI: (1.049. 1.191); -value = 0.002); and non-existence of social violence (AOR = 1.012, 95% CI: (1.008, 1.); -value < 0.01) significantly affected the variable of interest. Of these, the number of CD4 cell count, male HIV-positive adults, rural residence, and existence of social violence negatively affected the variable of interest.
Some groups of HIV patients did not disclose their level of HIV status to their sexual partners. Health-related education is recommended for patients who did not disclose their HIV status to sexual partners. This helps to reduce the transmission of HIV from infected individuals to noninfected ones and from mother-to-child HIV transmission.
在全球范围内，艾滋病毒从一个人传播给另一个人每年导致180万新感染病例，3670万人感染艾滋病毒，100万人死于与艾滋病毒相关的疾病。本研究的目的是确定埃塞俄比亚西北部阿姆哈拉地区接受抗逆转录病毒治疗（cART）的成年人向性伴侣披露艾滋病毒感染状况的流行率及其决定因素。
对792个随机抽取的样本进行回顾性研究设计。该研究于2015年至2020年在阿姆哈拉地区进行。采用二元逻辑回归模型进行数据分析。数据收集采用分层随机抽样技术，将居民区视为分层。数据由费莱格·希沃特教学与专科医院抗逆转录病毒治疗科的经过培训的卫生从业人员收集。该医院是一家转诊医院，该地区许多来自不同地区和地区医院的患者被转诊到这家医院。
本研究中向性伴侣披露艾滋病毒感染状况的比例为21%，与发展中国家的平均披露率相比非常低。在预测因素中，患者年龄（调整后比值比[AOR]=1.02，95%置信区间：[1.001,1.120]；P值=0.004）；基线CD4细胞计数数量（AOR=0.980；95%置信区间：[0.764,0.991]；P值<0.01）；就诊次数（AOR=1.01；95%置信区间：[1.001,1.034]；P值<0.01）；婚姻状况（与伴侣同居）（AOR=1.01；95%置信区间：[1.003,1.112]；P值=0.006）；女性艾滋病毒阳性成年人（AOR=1.01；95%置信区间：[1.001,1.021]；P值=0.007）；农村居住（AOR=0.98；95%置信区间：[0.96,0.99]；P值=0.004）；未受过教育的成年患者（AOR=0.950，95%置信区间：[0.92,0.98]；P值=0.003）；未坚持cART治疗的成年患者（AOR=0.940，95%置信区间：[0.61,0.97]；P值<0.001）；无机会性感染疾病（AOR=1.062，95%置信区间：[1.049,1.191]；P值=0.002）；以及不存在社会暴力（AOR=1.012，95%置信区间：[1.008,1.]；P值<0.01）对感兴趣的变量有显著影响。其中，CD4细胞计数数量、男性艾滋病毒阳性成年人、农村居住和社会暴力的存在对感兴趣的变量有负面影响。
一些艾滋病毒患者群体未向其性伴侣披露其艾滋病毒感染状况。建议对未向性伴侣披露其艾滋病毒感染状况的患者进行健康教育。这有助于减少艾滋病毒从感染者传播给未感染者以及母婴艾滋病毒传播。
