Lee Sonia, Yamazaki Michiyo, Harris D Robert, Harper Gary W, Ellen Jonathan
Maternal and Pediatric Infectious Disease Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland.
Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland.
J Adolesc Health. 2015 Jul;57(1):73-80. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2015.03.002. Epub 2015 May 1.
The fear of negative reactions from friends and family members affects many human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive adolescents' decisions regarding disclosure of their HIV status. The complex relationships and interplay among social support, fear of stigma, and disclosure of HIV status need to be better understood among youth living with HIV (YLHIV).
Social support from friends and family members and HIV status disclosure were examined among 402 youth, aged 12-24 years, living with HIV.
In separate analyses, (1) HIV-positive youth who reported more than one close friend and (2) HIV-positive youth who reported that friends and family members continued to socialize with them after disclosure of their HIV diagnosis, had higher levels of perceived social support overall (both p < .05). Furthermore, perceived social support did not differ significantly between those participants for whom no family member knew their HIV status and those for whom at least one family member knew their status (p = .13). Race/ethnicity, sexual orientation, education level, and current living situation were not associated with family's knowledge of the participants' HIV infection status (p > .07).
This investigation adds important information concerning YLHIV, whose early disclosure experiences may influence their resilience and future coping mechanisms regarding experienced stigma, and thus influence the length of time they conceal their HIV status, their decision to disclose their status, and potentially their decisions regarding treatment. Interventions and support systems to assist YLHIV with disclosure, as well as medical care, may improve their overall quality of life.
对来自朋友和家庭成员的负面反应的恐惧影响了许多感染人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）的青少年关于披露其HIV感染状况的决定。对于感染HIV的青少年（YLHIV）而言，社会支持、对耻辱感的恐惧以及HIV感染状况的披露之间复杂的关系和相互作用需要得到更好的理解。
对402名年龄在12至24岁之间的感染HIV的青少年的朋友和家庭成员提供的社会支持以及HIV感染状况的披露情况进行了调查。
在单独分析中，（1）报告有不止一个密友的HIV阳性青少年，以及（2）报告在其HIV诊断披露后朋友和家庭成员仍继续与他们交往的HIV阳性青少年，总体上感知到的社会支持水平更高（两者p < 0.05）。此外，对于没有家庭成员知晓其HIV感染状况的参与者和至少有一名家庭成员知晓其状况的参与者而言，感知到的社会支持没有显著差异（p = 0.13）。种族/族裔、性取向、教育水平和当前生活状况与家人对参与者HIV感染状况的知晓情况无关（p > 0.07）。
这项调查为感染HIV的青少年增添了重要信息，他们早期的披露经历可能会影响其恢复力以及未来应对所经历耻辱感的机制，从而影响他们隐瞒HIV感染状况的时间长度、披露感染状况的决定，以及可能影响他们关于治疗的决定。协助感染HIV的青少年进行披露的干预措施和支持系统以及医疗护理，可能会改善他们的整体生活质量。
