Airborne and surface residues of permethrin after high- and low-volume applications in greenhouses.

Thermal pulse, jet, mechanical aerosol and conventional hydraulic sprays containing permethrin were made in commercial greenhouses. Greenhouse air was sampled for permethrin residues after application, and permethrin deposition on glass plates was measured for each application method. Highest airborne residues were found after thermal pulse-jet applications, and lowest after hydraulic sprays. Most airborne residues were detected within 4 hr of application. Surface residues were highest after hydraulic and mechanical aerosol applications. Thermal pulse-jet applications resulted in low surface residues.