Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
Curr Protein Pept Sci. 2022;23(3):170-191. doi: 10.2174/1389203723666220429083753.
ATP-binding cassette subfamily A member 1 (ABCA1) protein plays an essential role in a variety of events, such as cholesterol and phospholipid efflux, nascent high-density lipoprotein (HDL) biosynthesis, phospholipid translocation. Thus, there has been much research activity aimed at understanding the molecular mechanisms of regulating ABCA1 expression. In this review, we first discuss ABCA1 structure, tissue distribution, cellular localization, and trafficking, as well as its function. Furthermore, current understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of ABCA1 expression is summarized. ABCA1 transcriptional regulation is mediated by a very complicated system, including nuclear receptor systems, factors binding to other sites in the ABCA1 promoter, cytokines, hormones, growth factors, lipid metabolites, enzymes, and other messengers/factors/pathways. In addition, ABCA1 posttranscriptional regulation is mediated by microRNA, long noncoding RNA, RNA-binding proteins, proteases, fatty acids, PDZ proteins, signaling proteins, and other factors. Compared to the transcriptional regulation of ABCA1, which is well established, the post-transcriptional regulation of ABCA1 expression is poorly understood.
三磷酸腺苷结合盒转运蛋白 A 成员 1（ABCA1）蛋白在多种事件中发挥着重要作用，如胆固醇和磷脂外排、新生高密度脂蛋白（HDL）的合成、磷脂转运。因此，人们进行了大量的研究活动来了解调节 ABCA1 表达的分子机制。在这篇综述中，我们首先讨论了 ABCA1 的结构、组织分布、细胞定位和运输，以及它的功能。此外，还总结了目前对调节 ABCA1 表达的分子机制的理解。ABCA1 的转录调控是由一个非常复杂的系统介导的，包括核受体系统、结合到 ABCA1 启动子其他部位的因子、细胞因子、激素、生长因子、脂质代谢物、酶和其他信使/因子/途径。此外，ABCA1 的转录后调控是由 microRNA、长非编码 RNA、RNA 结合蛋白、蛋白酶、脂肪酸、PDZ 蛋白、信号蛋白和其他因素介导的。与 ABCA1 的转录调控相比，ABCA1 表达的转录后调控还知之甚少。
