National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
Institute of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
J Food Biochem. 2022 Nov;46(11):e14335. doi: 10.1111/jfbc.14335. Epub 2022 Jul 18.
The current work investigated the phytochemical profile of ultrasound-assisted ethanolic extract of Morus nigra (M. nigra) fruit. FTIR analysis of M. nigra fruit extract revealed the presence of alcohols (O-H), alkanes (C-H stretch), alkenes (C=C), and alkynes (C≡C). The HPLC analysis quantified the quercetin, gallic acid, vanillic acid, chlorogenic acid, syringic acid, cinnamic acid, sinapic acid, and kaempferol. Furthermore, the cardioprotective activity of ethanolic extract of M. nigra fruit was investigated. Cholesterol supplementation (2%) in the daily diet and exposure to cigarette smoke (2 cigarettes twice a day) were to induce hypertension in rats. The experimental animals were categorized into four groups: G0 (negative control), G1 (positive control), G2 (standard drug), and G3 (M. nigra fruit). The fruit extract administration at 300 mg/kg BW/day orally for 2 months significantly (p < .001) enhanced the activities of serum and cardiac tissue antioxidants in hypertensive rats. Meanwhile, the fruit extract reduced the elevated serum lipid profile while significantly increasing the high-density lipoproteins in G3 than G1 and G2. The increase in blood pressure, liver transaminases, and serum lactate dehydrogenase also reduced significantly in M. nigra fruit extract-treated rats. Histopathological findings revealed mild normalization of cardiac myocytes with central nuclei, branching, and cross-striations. Consequently, the M. nigra fruit extract exerted the cardioprotective potential via increasing the antioxidant enzymes and reducing the lipids, lactate dehydrogenase, liver transaminases, and blood pressure. The therapeutic potential of M. nigra fruit can be due to flavonols and phenolic acids. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The present work quantified the Morus nigra fruit phytochemicals and its significant role in reducing lipid markers and blood pressure and improving antioxidant status in rats fed a hypercholesterolemic diet and exposed to cigarette smoke. Conclusively, the inclusion of M. nigra fruit in daily diet could improve the cardiac health of the individuals. Furthermore, the therapeutic potential of M. nigra fruit and its isolated constituents in modulating the gene expression against cardiac problems can explore after clinical trials and standardization in higher animals.
当前的工作研究了超声辅助乙醇提取黑桑（Morus nigra）果实的植物化学特征。M. nigra 果实提取物的 FTIR 分析显示存在醇（O-H）、烷烃（C-H 伸展）、烯烃（C=C）和炔烃（C≡C）。HPLC 分析定量了槲皮素、没食子酸、香草酸、绿原酸、丁香酸、肉桂酸、芥子酸和山奈酚。此外，还研究了黑桑果实乙醇提取物的心脏保护活性。在大鼠日常饮食中添加 2%的胆固醇和每天暴露于两支香烟烟雾来诱导高血压。实验动物分为四组：G0（阴性对照）、G1（阳性对照）、G2（标准药物）和 G3（黑桑果实）。黑桑果实提取物以 300mg/kg BW/天的剂量经口给予 2 个月，显著（p<.001）增强了高血压大鼠血清和心肌组织抗氧化剂的活性。同时，黑桑果实提取物降低了升高的血清脂质谱，同时显著增加了 G3 组的高密度脂蛋白，高于 G1 和 G2 组。血压、肝转氨酶和血清乳酸脱氢酶的升高也显著降低。用黑桑果实提取物治疗的大鼠心脏肌细胞的中央核、分支和横纹出现轻度正常化。因此，黑桑果实提取物通过增加抗氧化酶和降低脂质、乳酸脱氢酶、肝转氨酶和血压发挥心脏保护潜力。黑桑果实的治疗潜力可能归因于类黄酮和酚酸。实际应用：本研究定量了黑桑果实的植物化学物质及其在降低血脂标志物和血压以及改善高胆固醇饮食和暴露于香烟烟雾的大鼠抗氧化状态方面的显著作用。结论是，将黑桑果实纳入日常饮食可以改善个体的心脏健康。此外，黑桑果实及其分离成分在调节心脏问题基因表达方面的治疗潜力可以在临床试验和高等动物的标准化后进行探索。
