Kirmil-Gray K, Eagleston J R, Thoresen C E, Heft L, Arnow B, Bracke P
J Human Stress. 1987 Spring;13(1):5-15. doi: 10.1080/0097840X.1987.9936789.
Development of measures of Type A behavior in children and adolescents is described and the results of two studies to validate these measures are given. Children in the fifth, seventh, and ninth grades (n = 120 in Study I; n = 652 in Study II) were given five measures of the Type A Behavior Pattern (TABP): the Student Type A Behavior Scale (STABS); Student Structured Interviews (SSI), scored separately for content and behavior; Matthews Youth Test for Health (MYTH); and Parent Observation Checklist, as well as measures of state anxiety, trait anxiety, and depression. Descriptive statistics from the two samples were very similar and indicated that boys scored significantly higher than girls on the MYTH, while seventh and ninth grade girls scored significantly higher than fifth grade girls or boys of any grade on Structured Interview Behavior (SSI-Behavior). Correlations suggested separate self-reported perceptual and behavioral components of Type A behavior in children. In both studies, STABS and SSI-Content correlated moderately well (.48 to .49) but had little relationship with SI-Behavior and the MYTH. Measures of anxiety and depression included to assess discriminant validity were correlated with the self-report measures of TABP (.22 to .56), but showed little relationship with the behavioral measures, especially in the larger cross-validation study. Parallels between these results and those of adult studies are discussed, and the use of multiple measures in classifying subjects is suggested.
本文描述了儿童和青少年A型行为测量方法的发展，并给出了两项验证这些测量方法的研究结果。研究选取了五年级、七年级和九年级的学生（研究一有120名学生；研究二有652名学生），对他们进行了五项A型行为模式（TABP）测量：学生A型行为量表（STABS）；学生结构化访谈（SSI），分别对内容和行为进行评分；马修斯青少年健康测试（MYTH）；家长观察清单，同时还测量了状态焦虑、特质焦虑和抑郁。两个样本的描述性统计非常相似，结果表明男孩在MYTH上的得分显著高于女孩，而七年级和九年级女孩在结构化访谈行为（SSI-行为）上的得分显著高于五年级女孩或任何年级的男孩。相关性分析表明儿童A型行为存在自我报告的感知和行为两个不同的组成部分。在两项研究中，STABS和SSI-内容的相关性中等（0.48至0.49），但与SSI-行为和MYTH的相关性较小。为评估区分效度而纳入的焦虑和抑郁测量与TABP的自我报告测量相关（0.22至0.56），但与行为测量的相关性较小，尤其是在规模较大的交叉验证研究中。本文讨论了这些结果与成人研究结果的相似之处，并建议在对受试者进行分类时采用多种测量方法。
