IGPRED-MultiTask: A Deep Learning Model to Predict Protein Secondary Structure, Torsion Angles and Solvent Accessibility.

Protein secondary structure, solvent accessibility and torsion angle predictions are preliminary steps to predict 3D structure of a protein. Deep learning approaches have achieved significant improvements in predicting various features of protein structure. In this study, IGPRED-Multitask, a deep learning model with multi task learning architecture based on deep inception network, graph convolutional network and a bidirectional long short-term memory is proposed. Moreover, hyper-parameters of the model are fine-tuned using Bayesian optimization, which is faster and more effective than grid search. The same benchmark test data sets as in the OPUS-TASS paper including TEST2016, TEST2018, CASP12, CASP13, CASPFM, HARD68, CAMEO93, CAMEO93_HARD, as well as the train and validation sets, are used for fair comparison with the literature. Statistically significant improvements are observed in secondary structure prediction on 4 datasets, in phi angle prediction on 2 datasets and in psi angel prediction on 3 datasets compared to the state-of-the-art methods. For solvent accessibility prediction, TEST2016 and TEST2018 datasets are used only to assess the performance of the proposed model.