Karino T
Int Angiol. 1986 Oct-Dec;5(4):297-313.
A novel technique to prepare isolated transparent natural blood vessels was developed and used to investigate the connection between blood flow and the localization of vascular diseases in man. Transparent segments of arteries and veins were prepared from dogs and humans postmortem, and the flow patterns in various regions of the circulation were studied in detail by means of flow visualization and cinemicrographic techniques. It was found that under normal physiological conditions, complex spiral secondary flows and recirculation zones form in various regions of the arterial and venous systems such as the aortic arch, aortic T-junctions, carotid artery bifurcations, the major branching sites of the intracranial cerebral arteries and venous valve pockets. Incipient saccular aneurysms were found at the flow divider of the anterior communicating-anterior cerebral artery junction where the flow directly impinged on the vessel wall. In human cerebral arteries, atherosclerotic thickenings of the vessel wall were found to be localized on the outer wall (hip) of one or both daughter vessels at bifurcations and T-junctions, and at the inner wall of arterial bends, at the very places where secondary and recirculation flows were dominant and wall shear stress was low. The results clearly indicate that there is a strong correlation between the sites of flow disturbance and the preferred sites for the genesis and development of vascular diseases clinically found in man.
一种用于制备孤立透明天然血管的新技术被开发出来，并用于研究人体血流与血管疾病定位之间的联系。从狗和人类尸体上制备出动脉和静脉的透明段，借助血流可视化和电影显微技术详细研究了循环系统各个区域的血流模式。研究发现，在正常生理条件下，动脉和静脉系统的各个区域，如主动脉弓、主动脉T型分支、颈动脉分叉、颅内脑动脉主要分支部位和静脉瓣膜袋，会形成复杂的螺旋状二次血流和再循环区域。在前交通动脉-大脑前动脉交界处的血流分流处发现了早期囊状动脉瘤，此处血流直接冲击血管壁。在人类脑动脉中，血管壁的动脉粥样硬化增厚位于分叉处和T型分支处一个或两个子血管的外壁（弯曲处），以及动脉弯曲处的内壁，这些正是二次血流和再循环血流占主导且壁面剪应力较低的部位。结果清楚地表明，血流紊乱部位与临床上在人体中发现的血管疾病发生和发展的偏好部位之间存在很强的相关性。
