Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran.
Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Curr Microbiol. 2022 Jul 19;79(9):260. doi: 10.1007/s00284-022-02949-8.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) is an intracellular pathogen causing long-term infection in humans that mainly attacks macrophages and can escape from the immune system with the various mechanisms. The only FDA-approved vaccine against M. tuberculosis (MTB) is Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG). The protection of this vaccine typically lasts 10-15 years. Due to the increasing number of people becoming ill with MTB each year worldwide, the need to develop a new effective treatment against the disease has been increased. During the past two decades, the research budget for TB vaccine has quadrupled to over half a billion dollars. Most of these research projects were based on amplifying and stimulating the response of T-cells and developing the subunit vaccines. Additionally, these studies have demonstrated that secretory and immunogenic proteins of MTB play a key role in the pathogenesis of the bacteria. Therefore, these proteins were used to develop the new subunit vaccines. In this review, based on the use of these proteins in the successful new subunit vaccines, the PPE44, HSPX, CFP-10 and ESAT-6 antigens were selected and the role of these antigens in designing and developing new subunit vaccines against TB and for the prevention of TB were investigated.
结核分枝杆菌（M. tuberculosis）是一种引起人类长期感染的细胞内病原体，主要攻击巨噬细胞，并通过各种机制逃避免疫系统。唯一获得美国食品和药物管理局批准的结核分枝杆菌（MTB）疫苗是牛分枝杆菌卡介苗（BCG）。该疫苗的保护作用通常持续 10-15 年。由于全球每年感染 MTB 的人数不断增加，因此需要开发新的有效治疗方法。在过去的二十年中，用于结核疫苗的研究预算增加了两倍，达到了 5 亿多美元。这些研究项目大多基于扩增和刺激 T 细胞反应以及开发亚单位疫苗。此外，这些研究表明，结核分枝杆菌的分泌蛋白和免疫原性蛋白在细菌的发病机制中起着关键作用。因此，这些蛋白被用于开发新的亚单位疫苗。在这篇综述中，基于这些蛋白在成功的新亚单位疫苗中的应用，选择了 PPE44、HSPX、CFP-10 和 ESAT-6 抗原，并研究了这些抗原在设计和开发新的结核分枝杆菌亚单位疫苗和预防结核分枝杆菌感染方面的作用。
