Martinchik A N, Laikam K E, Kozyreva N A, Mikhailov N A, Keshabyants E E, Baturin A K, Smirnova E A
Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, 109240, Moscow, Russian Federation.
Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat), 107450, Moscow, Russian Federation.
Vopr Pitan. 2022;91(3):64-72. doi: 10.33029/0042-8833-2022-91-3-64-72. Epub 2022 May 4.
The growing prevalence of overweight and obesity is an urgent problem not only in adults but also in children in both developed and developing countries. of this study was to analyze the prevalence of overweight and obesity and other forms of nutritional disorders in Russian children. . The nutritional status of 17 329 children aged 2-18 years was assessed on the basis of anthropometric data, obtained by the Federal State Statistics Service during the "Sample Survey of the Population's Diet" in 2018. The prevalence of various forms of malnutrition was assessed by the Z-score categories: underweight, stunted growth (short stature), thinness, overweight, obesity. . Population mean and median values of Z-scores in all sex-age groups do not exceed ±0.5 in relation to WHO standards, which indicates the applicability of the standards to assessing the nutritional status of Russian children population. High body weight (WAZ>2) occurs in 7.6% of children, underweight in 2.6%. The incidence of short stature in boys and girls is 7.0 and 6.8%, respectively. The prevalence of overweight and obesity in boys is 20.4 and 10.4%, respectively, while in girls, 15.4 and 7.6%. In general, in the population of children 2-18 years old, the prevalence of overweight is 18%, and obesity is 9.1%. The index of malnutrition, including the sum of the frequency of various combinations of low Z-scores (<-2), characterizing underweight, short stature, thinness, and their combinations was 8.0%. The multilevel logistic regression showed that overweight and obesity inversely depend on age; the risk of developing these conditions is lower in the city, but higher in male children compared to female children. . The population of children 2-18 years old in the Russian Federation is characterized by a low incidence of forms of malnutrition, such as underweight and thinness. However, the prevalence of overweight and obesity is higher than in European countries.
超重和肥胖患病率的不断上升不仅在发达国家，而且在发展中国家的成年人和儿童中都是一个紧迫的问题。本研究的目的是分析俄罗斯儿童超重、肥胖及其他形式营养失调的患病率。根据俄罗斯联邦国家统计局在2018年“人口饮食抽样调查”期间获得的人体测量数据，对17329名2至18岁儿童的营养状况进行了评估。通过Z评分类别评估各种形式营养不良的患病率：体重不足、生长迟缓（身材矮小）、消瘦、超重、肥胖。所有性别年龄组的Z评分的总体均值和中位数相对于世界卫生组织标准不超过±0.5，这表明该标准适用于评估俄罗斯儿童群体的营养状况。7.6%的儿童体重过高（WAZ>2），2.6%的儿童体重不足。男孩和女孩身材矮小的发生率分别为7.0%和6.8%。男孩超重和肥胖的患病率分别为20.4%和10.4%，而女孩分别为15.4%和7.6%。总体而言，在2至18岁的儿童群体中，超重患病率为18%，肥胖患病率为9.1%。营养不良指数，包括低Z评分（<-2）各种组合频率的总和，表征体重不足、身材矮小、消瘦及其组合，为8.0%。多水平逻辑回归显示，超重和肥胖与年龄呈负相关；这些情况在城市中的发生风险较低，但与女童相比，男童的发生风险较高。俄罗斯联邦2至18岁儿童群体的特点是体重不足和消瘦等营养不良形式的发生率较低。然而，超重和肥胖的患病率高于欧洲国家。
