Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Program, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyvaskyla, PO Box 35, 40014 Jyvaskyla, Finland.
Proc Biol Sci. 2022 Jul 13;289(1978):20220851. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2022.0851.
One of the most well-known life-history continuums is the fast-slow axis, where 'fast' individuals mature earlier than 'slow' individuals. 'Fast' individuals are predicted to be more active than 'slow' individuals because high activity is required to maintain a fast life-history strategy. Recent meta-analyses revealed mixed evidence for such integration. Here, we test whether known life-history genotypes differ in activity expression by using Atlantic salmon () as a model. In salmon, variation in Vgll3, a transcription cofactor, explains approximately 40% of variation in maturation timing. We predicted that the allele related to early maturation (*E) would be associated with higher activity. We used an automated surveillance system to follow approximately 1900 juveniles including both migrants and non-migrants (i.e. smolt and parr fish, respectively) in semi-natural conditions over 31 days (approx. 580 000 activity measurements). In migrants, but not in non-migrants, explained variation in activity according to our prediction in a sex-dependent manner. Specifically, in females the *E allele was related to increasing activity, whereas in males the *L allele (later maturation allele) was related to increasing activity. These sex-dependent effects might be a mechanism maintaining within-population genetic life-history variation.
其中一个最著名的生活史连续体是快-慢轴，其中“快”个体比“慢”个体更早成熟。由于需要高活动量来维持快速的生活史策略，因此预测“快”个体比“慢”个体更活跃。最近的荟萃分析显示，这种整合的证据存在差异。在这里，我们使用大西洋鲑鱼（）作为模型，来测试已知的生活史基因型在活动表达上是否存在差异。在鲑鱼中，Vgll3 转录共因子的变异解释了大约 40%的成熟时间变异。我们预测与早期成熟相关的等位基因 (*E) 与更高的活动量有关。我们使用自动化监测系统在半自然条件下对大约 1900 条幼鱼（包括洄游鱼和非洄游鱼，分别为幼鱼和幼鱼）进行了为期 31 天（约 580000 次活动测量）的追踪。在洄游鱼中，但不在非洄游鱼中，根据我们的预测，*E 等位基因以性别依赖的方式解释了活动的变化。具体来说，在雌性中，*E 等位基因与活动增加有关，而在雄性中，*L 等位基因（较晚成熟的等位基因）与活动增加有关。这些性别依赖的效应可能是维持种群内遗传生活史变异的一种机制。
