Department of Communicative Sciences and Disorders, Michigan State University, East Lansing.
Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN.
J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2022 Jul 18;65(7):2571-2585. doi: 10.1044/2022_JSLHR-21-00654. Epub 2022 Jul 14.
In our earlier study, we found that overall accuracy on nonword repetition (NWR) lacked the specificity to differentiate among groups of children who stutter (CWS) with and without concomitant speech sound and/or language disorders and children who do not stutter (CWNS). The aim of this study was to determine whether NWR error characteristics distinguish these groups of children with different speech sound production and language abilities yielding insight into the deficits underlying poorer performance.
Participants were 141 children (88 CWS, 53 CWNS). CWS were divided into subgroups based on the presence or absence of concomitant speech sound and language disorders. Children completed an NWR task composed of one- to four-syllable nonwords. Error types included omissions, substitutions, and migrations. Error location was documented across the syllables of the longest, four-syllable nonwords and within each syllable (onset, nucleus, and coda) for all nonwords.
We found that error patterns characterized groups' NWR performance. Specifically, CWS groups made more errors on syllable onsets, more errors on the first and fourth syllable of the four-syllable nonwords, and more substitution errors than CWNS. CWS with concomitant speech sound and/or language disorders made more omission errors than CWNS and CWS with typical speech sound and language abilities. CWS with both a speech sound and language disorder made more migration errors than all other groups.
Using a data-driven framework derived from prior empirical investigations of NWR errors, this study demonstrated that error characteristics enhance the specificity of NWR by distinguishing groups of CWS with and without concomitant speech sound and language deficits. These error patterns also provide a window into the processes underlying NWR performance in CWS.
在我们之前的研究中，我们发现整体非词重复（NWR）的准确性缺乏特异性，无法区分有和无伴随语音和/或语言障碍的口吃儿童（CWS）组和不口吃的儿童（CWNS）组。本研究旨在确定 NWR 错误特征是否可以区分这些具有不同语音产生和语言能力的儿童群体，从而深入了解导致较差表现的缺陷。
参与者为 141 名儿童（88 名 CWS，53 名 CWNS）。CWS 根据是否存在伴随的语音和语言障碍分为亚组。儿童完成了一个由一到四个音节的非词组成的 NWR 任务。错误类型包括遗漏、替代和迁移。错误位置记录在最长的四个音节非词的音节上，以及所有非词的每个音节内（起始、核心和结尾）。
我们发现错误模式特征化了组的 NWR 表现。具体而言，CWS 组在音节起始处犯的错误更多，在四个音节非词的第一个和第四个音节上犯的错误更多，替代错误比 CWNS 组更多。伴有语音和/或语言障碍的 CWS 比 CWNS 和具有典型语音和语言能力的 CWS 犯的遗漏错误更多。同时患有语音和语言障碍的 CWS 比其他所有组犯的迁移错误更多。
本研究使用源自先前对 NWR 错误的实证研究的基于数据的框架，表明错误特征通过区分有和无伴随语音和语言缺陷的 CWS 组，提高了 NWR 的特异性。这些错误模式还为 CWS 中 NWR 表现的背后过程提供了一个窗口。
