Department of Neonatology, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Disease, Shanghai, China.
BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2022 Jul 20;22(1):579. doi: 10.1186/s12884-022-04906-6.
Hypospadias is one of the most common male congenital malformations worldwide. It is characterised by the abnormal positioning of the opening of urethra, and may lead to problems with urination and sexual function. Various factors were suggested to contribute to hypospadias pathogen. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between perinatal factors and neonatal hypospadias based on a large sample of male newborns.
This retrospective case-control study was conducted at the International Peace Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine. Male infants with hypospadias (N = 97) and without any birth defects (N = 42,147) who were born in January 2015 to December 2019 were enrolled in this study. A statistical analysis of perinatal factors, such as maternal age, primiparity, multiple births, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP), diabetes mellitus (DM), placenta previa, thyroid diseases, hepatitis B, obesity, meconium-stained amniotic fluid, gestational age, low birth weight (LBW), small for gestational age (SGA) and in vitro fertilization (IVF) was used to assess the risk factors for hypospadias.
The overall incidence of hypospadias in male infants was 0.23% (97/42,244). The univariate analysis of potential risk factors for hypospadias showed that HDP, primiparity, multiple births, hyperthyroidism, preterm delivery, LBW and SGA had a statistical association with hypospadias. After adjusting for potential confounders in a multivariate regression analysis, the odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated for the following risk factors for hypospadias: HDP (OR: 3.965, 95% CI: 2.473-6.359, P < 0.01), multiple births (OR: 2.607, 95% CI: 1.505-4. 514, P < 0.01) and hyperthyroidism (OR:4.792, 95% CI: 1.700-13.506, P < 0.01), which suggested these factors were significant independent risk factors for hypospadias.
Perinatal factors, such as HDP, multiple births and hyperthyroidism may be associated with hypospadias in male infants.
尿道下裂是全球最常见的男性先天性畸形之一。其特征为尿道开口位置异常，可能导致排尿和性功能问题。多种因素被认为与尿道下裂的发病机制有关。本研究旨在基于大量男性新生儿样本评估围产期因素与新生儿尿道下裂之间的关系。
这是一项在上海交通大学医学院附属国际和平妇幼保健院进行的回顾性病例对照研究。纳入 2015 年 1 月至 2019 年 12 月出生的患有尿道下裂（n=97）和无任何出生缺陷（n=42147）的男性新生儿。对围产期因素（如母亲年龄、初产、多胎、妊娠高血压疾病（HDP）、糖尿病（DM）、前置胎盘、甲状腺疾病、乙型肝炎、肥胖、羊水粪染、胎龄、低出生体重（LBW）、小于胎龄儿（SGA）和体外受精（IVF））进行统计学分析，以评估尿道下裂的危险因素。
男性新生儿尿道下裂总发生率为 0.23%（97/42147）。对尿道下裂潜在危险因素的单因素分析显示，HDP、初产、多胎、甲状腺功能亢进、早产、LBW 和 SGA 与尿道下裂有关。在多因素回归分析中调整潜在混杂因素后，计算出以下尿道下裂危险因素的比值比（OR）和 95%置信区间（CI）：HDP（OR：3.965，95%CI：2.473-6.359，P<0.01）、多胎（OR：2.607，95%CI：1.505-4.514，P<0.01）和甲状腺功能亢进（OR：4.792，95%CI：1.700-13.506，P<0.01），提示这些因素是尿道下裂的显著独立危险因素。
围产期因素，如 HDP、多胎和甲状腺功能亢进，可能与男性新生儿尿道下裂有关。
