Steinbach Mary, Julian Kelley, McClune Brian, Sborov Douglas W
Department of Internal Medicine, Huntsman Cancer Institute, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
Department of Pharmacy, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
Ther Adv Hematol. 2022 Jul 15;13:20406207221100659. doi: 10.1177/20406207221100659. eCollection 2022.
The therapeutic options available for patients with multiple myeloma have greatly expanded over the past decade and incorporating these novel agents into routine clinical practice has significantly improved outcomes. The next generation of therapeutics is available for relapsed and refractory patients either as standard of care or in clinical trial, and these drugs represent a generational paradigm shift. Patients now have access to a multitude of novel immunotherapeutics, including monoclonal antibodies, an antibody-drug conjugate, chimeric antigen receptor T-cells (CAR-T), and bispecific T-cell redirecting antibodies, and novel oral therapies including selinexor (selective inhibitor of nuclear export) and venetoclax (bcl-2 inhibitor). While these drugs have the potential to be highly efficacious in certain subsets of patients when used as single agents or in combination regimens, they are each associated with unique toxicity profiles. It is imperative to understand these potential adverse events to ensure patient safety. Appropriate supportive care management is paramount to maximize drug exposure and therapeutic efficacy. The following review focuses its discussion on drugs and combination regimens that are currently FDA-approved and those that continue to be investigated in clinical trials, highlights the clinically relevant toxicity profiles for each of the different agents, and provides practical considerations for the treatment team.
在过去十年中,可供多发性骨髓瘤患者选择的治疗方案大幅增加,将这些新型药物纳入常规临床实践显著改善了治疗效果。新一代治疗药物可供复发和难治性患者使用,作为标准治疗方案或用于临床试验,这些药物代表了一代治疗模式的转变。患者现在可以使用多种新型免疫疗法,包括单克隆抗体、抗体药物偶联物、嵌合抗原受体T细胞(CAR-T)和双特异性T细胞重定向抗体,以及新型口服疗法,如塞利尼索(核输出选择性抑制剂)和维奈克拉(bcl-2抑制剂)。虽然这些药物在某些患者亚组中作为单一药物或联合方案使用时可能具有高效性,但它们各自都有独特的毒性特征。了解这些潜在的不良事件对于确保患者安全至关重要。适当的支持性护理管理对于最大化药物暴露和治疗效果至关重要。以下综述重点讨论目前已获美国食品药品监督管理局(FDA)批准的药物和联合方案以及那些仍在临床试验中研究的药物,突出每种不同药物的临床相关毒性特征,并为治疗团队提供实际的考虑因素。