Matola Y G, White G B, Magayuka S A
J Trop Med Hyg. 1987 Jun;90(3):127-34.
Parasitological and entomological studies on malaria were conducted between 1980 and 1982 on the Amani hills in the eastern Usambara mountains of north-eastern Tanzania. Malaria vectors were scarce on the Amani hills until the late 1960s and it was generally presumed that any cases of malaria transmission must have been contracted by people while visiting lower altitudes where malaria is holoendemic. However, the malaria vectors Anopheles funestus and An. gambiae have both become more abundant during the 1970s and 1980s and sporozoite-positive specimens of both have been found. Malaria asexual parasite rates have been shown to have increased, for instance from 52.7% in 1980 to 53.8% and 63.7% in 1981 and 1982, respectively. The percentage of parasitized children aged below 1 year whose parents report that they have not visited lowland localities away from the Amani hills has increased, from 71.4% in 1980 to 80.0% and 91.0% in 1981 and 1982, respectively, suggesting possible local malaria acquisition. These parameters have been confirmed by increasing sporozoite rates from 0.0% in 1967-1971 to 0.09% in May-June 1973 and 11.1% in August and December 1980. Various factors including climatological changes and increased agricultural activities are attributable to this changed malaria endemicity and transmission.
1980年至1982年期间，在坦桑尼亚东北部乌桑巴拉山脉东部的阿马尼山丘开展了疟疾寄生虫学和昆虫学研究。直到20世纪60年代末，阿马尼山丘上的疟疾传播媒介都很稀少，人们普遍认为，任何疟疾传播病例肯定都是人们在前往疟疾高度流行的低海拔地区时感染的。然而，在20世纪70年代和80年代，疟疾传播媒介冈比亚按蚊和嗜人按蚊数量均有所增加，且均发现了带有子孢子的阳性标本。疟疾无性寄生虫感染率已显示出上升趋势，例如从1980年的52.7%分别升至1981年的53.8%和1982年的63.7%。父母报告称未前往阿马尼山丘以外低地地区的1岁以下儿童寄生虫感染率有所上升，分别从1980年的71.4%升至1981年的80.0%和1982年的91.0%，这表明可能存在本地感染疟疾的情况。这些参数已得到证实，子孢子感染率从1967 - 1971年的0.0%升至1973年5 - 6月的0.09%以及1980年8月和12月的11.1%。包括气候变化和农业活动增加在内的各种因素可归因于这种疟疾流行程度和传播情况的变化。
