Transportation Systems Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Bombay, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
Traffic Inj Prev. 2022;23(7):404-409. doi: 10.1080/15389588.2022.2097669. Epub 2022 Jul 21.
Drivers continuously manipulate the vehicle's steering and pedals (throttle, brake) while driving. Inadequate or excessive manipulation leads to crashes, possibly leading to injuries. An Advanced Driving Assistance System (ADAS) can warn drivers of inadequate or excessive manipulation to avert risky situations. Such systems evolve continuously and need more road infrastructure inputs for better driving assistance. Rural highways showcased more fatalities than urban counterparts, with more road departure crashes along horizontal curves than straight sections. Hence, the present study explores drivers' braking and steering behavior along the horizontal curves of two-lane rural highways and proposes a suitable runoff risk model.
Sixty-eight drivers participated in a driving simulator study, where they drove along fifty-two horizontal curves in free-flow conditions. Typical five brake and three steering measures found in past studies were evaluated. Based on data distribution of brake and steering measures, Tobit and mixed-effects multiple linear regression models were developed to understand the association of these measures with the approach speed and geometric parameters of horizontal curves. Further, a generalized linear mixed runoff (road departure) risk model with a logit link function was developed to identify the effective measures among all brake and steering variables.
The brake and steering measures were significantly associated with the approach speed and the geometric parameters such as curve radius, gradient, and turn type (left or right). Further, the runoff risk analysis revealed a significant effect of braking distance (BD) and standard deviation of steering wheel position (SDSWP). The interaction between BD and SDSWP was significant, suggesting that the runoff risk increased with SDSWP; however, it decreased with BD.
The runoff risk intensified with higher steering instability along horizontal curves, while it can be reduced with effective brake pedal usage. The study suggests better usage of brakes than steering before entering the curve. It potentially reduces the vehicle speed, thus ensuring more time to perceive the curve and help reduce the driver's steering instability. The models developed in this study can be used in the ADAS systems upon validation with the field observations.
驾驶员在驾驶过程中持续操纵车辆的转向和踏板（油门、刹车）。操纵不当或过度会导致撞车，可能导致受伤。先进驾驶辅助系统（ADAS）可以警告驾驶员操纵不当或过度，以避免危险情况。这些系统不断发展，需要更多的道路基础设施投入以提供更好的驾驶辅助。与城市相比，农村高速公路显示出更多的死亡人数，水平曲线处的道路偏离碰撞比直线路段更多。因此，本研究探讨了驾驶员在双车道农村高速公路水平曲线上的制动和转向行为，并提出了一种合适的径流风险模型。
68 名驾驶员参与了驾驶模拟器研究，他们在自由流条件下沿着 52 个水平曲线行驶。评估了过去研究中发现的典型的五个制动和三个转向措施。根据制动和转向措施的数据分布，开发了 Tobit 和混合效应多元线性回归模型，以了解这些措施与接近速度和水平曲线的几何参数之间的关系。此外，还开发了一个具有对数链接函数的广义线性混合径流（道路偏离）风险模型，以识别所有制动和转向变量中的有效措施。
制动和转向措施与接近速度和几何参数（如曲线半径、坡度和转弯类型（左或右））显著相关。此外，径流风险分析显示制动距离（BD）和转向轮位置标准差（SDSWP）的显著影响。BD 和 SDSWP 之间的相互作用是显著的，这表明随着 SDSWP 的增加，径流风险增加；然而，随着 BD 的增加，径流风险降低。
随着水平曲线上转向不稳定的增加，径流风险加剧，而通过有效使用刹车踏板可以降低风险。在进入曲线之前，建议比转向更好地使用刹车。这可能会降低车辆速度，从而有更多的时间感知曲线，并有助于减少驾驶员的转向不稳定。在经过现场观测验证后，本研究中开发的模型可用于 ADAS 系统。
