Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Universitygrid.19188.39, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
Center for General Education, National Taiwan Universitygrid.19188.39, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
Microbiol Spectr. 2022 Aug 31;10(4):e0141822. doi: 10.1128/spectrum.01418-22. Epub 2022 Jul 11.
Gut bacteria play vital roles in the dietary detoxification, digestion, and nutrient supplementation of hosts during dietary specialization. The roles of gut bacteria in the host can be unveiled by comparing communities of specialist and generalist bacterial species. However, these species usually have a long evolutionary history, making it difficult to determine whether bacterial community differentiation is due to host dietary adaptation or phylogenetic divergence. In this regard, we investigated the bacterial communities from two Araceae-feeding species and further performed a meta-analysis by incorporating the published data from bacterial community studies. The compositional and functional differentiation of bacterial communities was uncovered by comparing three (Araceae-feeding, mycophagous, and cactophilic) specialists with generalist flies. The compositional differentiation showed that and inhabited specialists, while more lived in generalists. The functional prediction based on the bacterial community compositions suggested that amino acid metabolism and energy metabolism are overrepresented pathways in specialists and generalists, respectively. The differences were mainly associated with the higher utilization of structural complex carbohydrates, protein utilization, vitamin B acquisition, and demand for detoxification in specialists than in generalists. The complementary roles of bacteria reveal a connection between gut bacterial communities and fly dietary specialization. Gut bacteria may play roles in the dietary utilization of hosts, especially in specialist animals, during long-term host-microbe interaction. By comparing the gut bacterial communities between specialist and generalist drosophilid flies, we found that specialists harbor more bacteria linked to complex carbohydrate degradation, amino acid metabolism, vitamin B formation, and detoxification than do generalists. This study reveals the roles of gut bacteria in drosophilid species in dietary utilization.
肠道细菌在宿主的饮食解毒、消化和营养补充方面发挥着至关重要的作用，尤其是在饮食特化过程中。通过比较专食性和广食性细菌物种的群落，可以揭示肠道细菌在宿主中的作用。然而，这些物种通常具有很长的进化历史，因此很难确定细菌群落的分化是由于宿主的饮食适应还是系统发育分歧。在这方面，我们研究了两种天南星科植物取食者的细菌群落，并通过整合已发表的细菌群落研究数据进一步进行了荟萃分析。通过比较三种专食性物种（天南星科植物取食者、食真菌者和仙人掌取食者）与广食性蝇类，揭示了细菌群落的组成和功能分化。组成分化表明， 和 生活在专食性物种中，而更多的 生活在广食性物种中。基于细菌群落组成的功能预测表明，氨基酸代谢和能量代谢分别是专食性和广食性物种中过度表达的途径。这些差异主要与专食性物种比广食性物种更能利用结构复杂的碳水化合物、蛋白质利用、维生素 B 获取以及对解毒的需求有关。细菌的互补作用揭示了肠道细菌群落与蝇类饮食特化之间的联系。肠道细菌可能在宿主的饮食利用中发挥作用，尤其是在长期的宿主-微生物相互作用中。通过比较专食性和广食性果蝇的肠道细菌群落，我们发现专食性物种中与复杂碳水化合物降解、氨基酸代谢、维生素 B 形成和解毒相关的细菌更多，而广食性物种则较少。这项研究揭示了肠道细菌在果蝇物种饮食利用中的作用。
