School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.
School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2022 Sep 1;242:113868. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113868. Epub 2022 Jul 18.
Environmental pollution has emerged as a major threat to bird populations. Many shorebird populations are declining, although contamination has been documented in some shorebirds, evidence of negative impacts is sparse and this important topic remains understudied. To guide future research and develop effective conservation strategies, we carried out a comprehensive review of environmental pollutants and their consequences on shorebirds. In total, we found 93 relevant articles which examined pollutant contamination in ~37% (79 of 215) of all shorebird species, mostly from the Charadriidae and Scolopacidae families. Studies were geographically biased: the majority were conducted in American flyways, while only 1 was found from Australasia and few were conducted in Asian flyways. The main geographic gap for research includes East Africa, South Asia and Siberian Arctic. The most well-documented pollutants included mercury (Hg, 37 studies), cadmium (33), and lead (Pb, 28); less well studied pollutants were barium (1), calcium (1), strontium (1), dicofols (1), and other newly emerging contaminants, such as plastic debris/microplastics (4) and antibiotics resistance (2). Several pollutants have caused considerable concerns in shorebirds, including embryotoxicity caused by PCBs at non-optimum temperature (laboratory experiments); reduced reproduction performance linked to maternal Hg and paternal Pb (field evidence); and reduced refueling and flight performance related to oil contamination (both field and laboratory evidence). Our results confirm that an in-depth understanding of the local, regional and global factors that influence population trends of shorebirds in light of increasing pollution threats is essential for accurate and effective management and conservation strategies.
环境污染已成为鸟类种群的主要威胁。尽管已经在一些滨鸟身上发现了污染物，但许多滨鸟种群仍在减少，表明其受到负面影响的证据很少，而这个重要的课题仍未得到充分研究。为了指导未来的研究并制定有效的保护策略，我们对环境污染物及其对滨鸟的影响进行了全面的综述。我们总共找到了 93 篇相关文章，这些文章研究了滨鸟体内的污染物污染情况，其中约 37%（215 种滨鸟中的 79 种）的物种都受到了污染物的污染，这些物种主要来自Charadriidae 和 Scolopacidae 科。研究存在地域偏见：大多数研究在美国的候鸟迁徙路线上进行，而只有 1 项来自澳大拉西亚，亚洲候鸟迁徙路线上的研究很少。研究的主要地理空白包括东非、南亚和西伯利亚北极地区。记录最详细的污染物包括汞（Hg，37 项研究）、镉（33 项）和铅（Pb，28 项）；钡（1 项）、钙（1 项）、锶（1 项）、滴滴涕（1 项）和其他新出现的污染物，如塑料碎片/微塑料（4 项）和抗生素耐药性（2 项）的研究较少。几种污染物已经对滨鸟造成了相当大的关注，包括 PCB 在非最佳温度下引起的胚胎毒性（实验室实验）；与母体汞和父体铅有关的繁殖性能降低（实地证据）；与油污有关的加油和飞行性能降低（实地和实验室证据）。我们的研究结果证实，深入了解影响滨鸟种群趋势的地方、区域和全球因素，对于准确有效的管理和保护策略至关重要，因为这些因素受到污染威胁的影响越来越大。
