State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution (SKLMP), Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China; Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China; Man-Technology-Environment Research Centre (MTM), Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.
State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution (SKLMP), Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China; Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2022 Nov 10;846:157453. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157453. Epub 2022 Jul 19.
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are a diverse group of widely used anthropogenic chemicals that are environmentally persistent and bioaccumulative, especially in aquatic ecosystem. The heavily industrialized and urbanized Greater Bay Area in China represents a notable contamination source for PFASs, which may potentially influence the health of local oysters as a keystone species in local ecosystems and a popular seafood. In this study, samples of oysters and their surrounding waters were collected from the littoral zones of the Pearl River Estuary (PRE), China during winter 2020, where 44 PFASs, including 19 perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs), 8 emerging PFASs, and 17 PFAA precursors (or intermediates), were analyzed. Total PFAS concentrations ranged 13.8-58.8 ng/L in the dissolved phase, 3.60-11.2 ng/g dry weight (dw) in the suspended particulate matter (SPM), and 0.969-1.98 ng/g dw in the oysters. Most short-chain PFASs were present in the dissolved phase (>95%), while long-chain PFASs generally showed higher concentrations in the SPM. Log field-based bioconcentration factors (BCFs) of long-chain PFASs increased linearly (r = 0.95, p < 0.01) with increasing estimated log membrane-water (D) and protein-water (D) distribution coefficients. Perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA) and perfluoroheptanoic acid (PFHpA) exhibited higher measured BCFs than those estimated by their D and D. Considering the widespread occurrence of their precursors, the contribution of precursor transformation was likely to be a significant source of PFHxA and PFHpA. Oysters from the PRE littoral zones posed low risks to human health associated with PFAS consumption, which might be underestimated due to limited toxicity data available for PFAA precursors and emerging PFASs. This study sheds light on the practicality of applying oysters as biomonitors for timely PFAS monitoring in coastal environments.
全氟和多氟烷基物质（PFASs）是一组广泛使用的人为化学物质，具有很强的环境持久性和生物累积性，特别是在水生生态系统中。中国高度工业化和城市化的大湾区是 PFASs 的一个重要污染源，这可能会对当地生态系统中的关键物种——牡蛎的健康产生潜在影响，同时牡蛎也是一种受欢迎的海鲜。在这项研究中，于 2020 年冬季采集了来自中国珠江口（PRE）滨岸带的牡蛎及其周围水域的样本，共分析了 44 种 PFASs，包括 19 种全氟烷基酸（PFAAs）、8 种新兴 PFASs 和 17 种 PFAAs 前体（或中间体）。溶解相中总 PFASs 浓度为 13.8-58.8ng/L，悬浮颗粒物（SPM）中为 3.60-11.2ng/g 干重（dw），牡蛎中为 0.969-1.98ng/g dw。大多数短链 PFASs 存在于溶解相中（>95%），而长链 PFASs 通常在 SPM 中浓度较高。长链 PFASs 的基于对数场的生物浓缩因子（BCFs）与估计的膜-水（D）和蛋白-水（D）分配系数呈线性增加（r=0.95，p<0.01）。全氟己酸（PFHxA）和全氟庚酸（PFHpA）的实测 BCFs 高于根据 D 和 D 估计的 BCFs。考虑到其前体的广泛存在，前体转化的贡献可能是 PFHxA 和 PFHpA 的一个重要来源。来自 PRE 滨岸带的牡蛎对人类健康造成的与 PFAS 摄入相关的风险较低，但由于用于新兴 PFASs 和 PFAA 前体的毒性数据有限，这种风险可能被低估。本研究为应用牡蛎作为沿海环境中 PFAS 实时监测的生物监测器提供了实用性。
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