Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China.
Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; Bioresource and Environment Research Center, Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, The First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, 266061, China.
Chemosphere. 2022 Aug;300:134378. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134378. Epub 2022 Apr 6.
The Bohai Sea is one of the most polluted hotspots by per- and Polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in the world and studies on the vertical distribution of PFASs at different water layers and phase partitioning between water and suspended particulate matter (SPM) were still limited. 23 legacy and emerging PFASs were investigated in seawater and SPM throughout the Bay in this study. The average concentrations of ∑PFASs in seawater were 48.21 ng/L and 52.71 ng/L during the periods of wet and normal water, respectively. In general, the concentrations of ∑PFASs in surface water were higher than that in deep water. Legacy PFASs in seawater were dominated by PFOA and short-chain PFASs, while the emerging alternative HFPO-DA was detected in the whole water layer of the Bohai Bay with an average concentration of 1.09 ng/L. The spatial distribution showed that ∑PFASs were higher nearshore than inside the bay and higher in the south than that in the north of the bay. The average concentration of ∑PFASs in SPM was 9.02 ng/g. Long-chain PFASs and the emerging alternative 6:2 Cl-PFESA accounted for the major contaminants. The partition coefficients log K and φ showed a linear positive correlation with carbon chain length. Preliminary risk assessments revealed that the ecological risk of common PFASs in the Bohai Bay was low, while PFOA was at moderate risk. The principal component analysis demonstrated that the production process of traditional fluorochemical factories, fire-fighting and emerging electroplating industries were the main sources of PFASs. This was the first comprehensive survey of emerging PFASs in different water depths and in SPM of the Bohai Bay during different seasons, which provided important scientific data for studying the ecological risks and pollution prevention of PFASs.
渤海是世界上受全氟和多氟烷基物质（PFASs）污染最严重的热点地区之一，关于不同水层中 PFASs 的垂直分布以及水相与悬浮颗粒物（SPM）之间的相分配的研究仍然有限。本研究调查了整个海湾海水和 SPM 中的 23 种传统和新兴 PFASs。在丰水期和正常水期，海水和 SPM 中∑PFASs 的平均浓度分别为 48.21ng/L 和 52.71ng/L。一般来说，表层水中∑PFASs 的浓度高于深层水中的浓度。海水中的传统 PFASs 以 PFOA 和短链 PFASs 为主，而新兴替代品 HFPO-DA 则在整个渤海湾的水层中均有检出，平均浓度为 1.09ng/L。空间分布表明，近岸地区的∑PFASs 高于海湾内部，南部地区的∑PFASs 高于北部地区。SPM 中∑PFASs 的平均浓度为 9.02ng/g。长链 PFASs 和新兴替代品 6:2Cl-PFESA 是主要污染物。分配系数 log K 和 φ 与碳链长度呈线性正相关。初步风险评估显示，渤海常见 PFASs 的生态风险较低，而 PFOA 处于中度风险。主成分分析表明，传统氟化工厂的生产过程、消防和新兴电镀行业是 PFASs 的主要来源。这是首次对不同季节渤海不同水深和 SPM 中新兴 PFASs 的全面调查，为研究 PFASs 的生态风险和污染防治提供了重要的科学数据。
