Department of Urology, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan.
Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan.
Int J Urol. 2022 Nov;29(11):1279-1286. doi: 10.1111/iju.14978. Epub 2022 Jul 21.
We evaluated whether the treatment history of low-dose rituximab affected safety profiles, and humoral and cellular responses induced by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 messenger ribonucleic acid vaccine in healthy controls and kidney transplant recipients.
We enrolled 10 healthcare workers as controls, 22 kidney transplant recipients with rituximab, and 36 kidney transplant recipients without rituximab without history of coronavirus disease 2019 who received two doses of vaccine. We assessed anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 spike antibody and the antigen-specific T cells using enzyme-linked immunospot against spike protein at baseline and after two doses of vaccine.
All controls showed anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 antibody seroconversion and enzyme-linked immunospot positivity. Only 19/58 (33%) kidney transplant recipients experienced anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 antibody seroconversion and 31/58 (53%) kidney transplant recipients developed enzyme-linked immunospot assay positivity after vaccination. The anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 antibody seroconversion rate and enzyme-linked immunospot assay positivity rate after vaccination were not significantly different between kidney transplant recipients with or without rituximab. Multivariate regression analysis demonstrated rituximab was not associated with a lack of humoral and cellular responses to the vaccine.
Low-dose rituximab in kidney transplant recipients did not affect humoral or cellular responses to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 messenger ribonucleic acid vaccine without severe systemic adverse events including the deterioration of kidney function.
我们评估了低剂量利妥昔单抗治疗史是否会影响健康对照者和肾移植受者中严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2 信使核糖核酸疫苗引起的安全性、体液和细胞应答。
我们纳入了 10 名医护工作者作为对照，22 名接受利妥昔单抗治疗的肾移植受者，以及 36 名无新冠肺炎病史且未接受过利妥昔单抗治疗的肾移植受者，这些受者均接受了两剂疫苗接种。我们在基线和两剂疫苗接种后，使用针对刺突蛋白的酶联免疫斑点法评估针对严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2 刺突抗体和抗原特异性 T 细胞。
所有对照者均表现出针对严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2 的抗体血清转化和酶联免疫斑点法阳性。仅有 19/58（33%）名肾移植受者经历了针对严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2 的抗体血清转化，而 58/58（99%）名肾移植受者在接种疫苗后发展出酶联免疫斑点法阳性。接受利妥昔单抗治疗和未接受利妥昔单抗治疗的肾移植受者在接种疫苗后的抗体血清转化率和酶联免疫斑点法阳性率无显著差异。多变量回归分析表明，利妥昔单抗与疫苗的体液和细胞应答缺失无关。
在无严重全身不良事件（包括肾功能恶化）的情况下，肾移植受者中的低剂量利妥昔单抗并不会影响对严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2 信使核糖核酸疫苗的体液或细胞应答。
