The University of Texas at Austin College of Pharmacy, 2409 University Avenue Stop A1930, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.
Oregon State University College of Pharmacy, 1601 SW Jefferson Avenue, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.
Res Social Adm Pharm. 2022 Dec;18(12):4056-4064. doi: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2022.07.007. Epub 2022 Jul 16.
Oregon pharmacists can autonomously prescribe hormonal contraception, naloxone, and various medications and devices from a Formulary and Protocol Compendia (FPC). Prescribing using the FPC has seen limited uptake.
(1) Assess Oregon community pharmacists' intention to prescribe using the FPC; (2) Determine the impact that attitudes, subjective norms (SN), perceived behavioral control (PBC), perceived obligation, and past prescribing behavior have on pharmacists' intention to prescribe; (3) Examine the relationship between beliefs and pharmacists' attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control.
This study was conducted as a cross sectional survey, which was developed based on the results of a previously conducted research project. A modified version of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) was the study framework. All Oregon community pharmacists with a public email address were invited to participate. The questionnaire collected information on TPB constructs as well as demographic and practice information. TPB constructs were measured directly (intention, attitudes, SN, PBC, perceived obligation, and past prescribing behavior) and indirectly (attitudes, SN, and PBC). Descriptive statistics were used for all items. Multiple linear regression was used to assess Objectives 2 and 3.
There were 175 useable responses included in the analysis of the estimated 1015 community pharmacists that received the survey invitation (17%). Respondents had 16.5 ± 13.3 years in practice, 60% held a PharmD degree, and 69% had prescribed in some manner before. Mean intention to prescribe using the FPC was 5.0 ± 1.5 (7-point scale with 7 indicating higher intention). Attitudes, SN, PBC, and PO were significant predictors of intention to prescribe, while past prescribing behavior was not (Adj R = 0.741, p < .0001). Attitudes were explained by beliefs about increasing patient access (p = .0179). PBC was explained by beliefs about having policies and procedures in place (p = .004) and feeling comfortable prescribing (p = .008).
Oregon community pharmacists have a positive intention to prescribe using the FPC, but actual uptake remains low. Efforts to increase uptake should focus on the beliefs that contribute most strongly to pharmacist intention.
俄勒冈州药剂师可以自主开出处方荷尔蒙避孕药、纳洛酮和各种药物及设备，使用处方集和方案汇编（FPC）。但是，使用 FPC 开处方的情况有限。
（1）评估俄勒冈州社区药剂师使用 FPC 开处方的意愿；（2）确定态度、主观规范（SN）、感知行为控制（PBC）、感知义务和过去的开处方行为对药剂师开处方意愿的影响；（3）研究信念与药剂师的态度、主观规范和感知行为控制之间的关系。
本研究采用横断面调查，研究框架基于之前进行的研究项目的结果。修改后的计划行为理论（TPB）是研究框架。所有拥有公共电子邮件地址的俄勒冈州社区药剂师都被邀请参加。问卷收集了 TPB 结构以及人口统计学和实践信息。TPB 结构直接（意图、态度、SN、PBC、感知义务和过去的处方行为）和间接（态度、SN 和 PBC）进行了测量。所有项目均采用描述性统计。使用多元线性回归评估目标 2 和 3。
在对收到调查邀请的 1015 名社区药剂师中的 175 份有效回复进行分析时，有 17%的药剂师表示有意使用 FPC 开处方。受访者的从业经验平均为 16.5±13.3 年，60%持有药学博士学位，69%曾以某种方式开出处方。使用 FPC 开处方的平均意愿为 5.0±1.5（7 分制，7 分表示更高的意愿）。态度、SN、PBC 和 PO 是处方意愿的重要预测因素，而过去的处方行为则不是（调整后的 R2=0.741，p<0.0001）。态度可以用增加患者获取途径的信念来解释（p=0.0179）。PBC 可以用有政策和程序的信念来解释（p=0.004）和感觉舒适的处方（p=0.008）。
俄勒冈州社区药剂师有使用 FPC 开处方的积极意愿，但实际使用率仍然较低。为了提高使用率，应重点关注对药剂师意愿影响最大的信念。
