Costa Ana Catarina, Sousa Monica Mendes
Nerve Regeneration Group, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Instituto de Investigação e Inovação Em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
Graduate Program in Molecular and Cell Biology, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
Front Cell Dev Biol. 2022 Jul 5;10:934522. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2022.934522. eCollection 2022.
Neurons are highly polarized cells with elaborate shapes that allow them to perform their function. In neurons, microtubule organization-length, density, and dynamics-are essential for the establishment of polarity, growth, and transport. A mounting body of evidence shows that modulation of the microtubule cytoskeleton by microtubule-associated proteins fine tunes key aspects of neuronal cell biology. In this respect, microtubule severing enzymes-spastin, katanin and fidgetin-a group of microtubule-associated proteins that bind to and generate internal breaks in the microtubule lattice, are emerging as key modulators of the microtubule cytoskeleton in different model systems. In this review, we provide an integrative view on the latest research demonstrating the key role of spastin in neurons, specifically in the context of axonal cell biology. We focus on the function of spastin in the regulation of microtubule organization, and axonal transport, that underlie its importance in the intricate control of axon growth, branching and regeneration.
神经元是具有复杂形状的高度极化细胞，这些形状使它们能够执行其功能。在神经元中，微管组织（长度、密度和动力学）对于极性的建立、生长和运输至关重要。越来越多的证据表明，微管相关蛋白对微管细胞骨架的调节可微调神经元细胞生物学的关键方面。在这方面，微管切断酶（痉挛蛋白、katanin和fidgetin）是一组与微管晶格结合并在其中产生内部断裂的微管相关蛋白，在不同的模型系统中正在成为微管细胞骨架的关键调节因子。在本综述中，我们提供了最新研究的综合观点，证明了痉挛蛋白在神经元中的关键作用，特别是在轴突细胞生物学的背景下。我们专注于痉挛蛋白在微管组织调节和轴突运输中的功能，这些功能是其在轴突生长、分支和再生的复杂控制中重要性的基础。
