美国成年人中食物不安全与体重指数之间关系的性别差异。
Gender Differences in the Relationship Between Food Insecurity and Body Mass Index Among Adults in the USA.
机构信息
School of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
出版信息
J Gen Intern Med. 2022 Dec;37(16):4202-4208. doi: 10.1007/s11606-022-07714-y. Epub 2022 Jul 22.
BACKGROUND
In the USA, nearly 40% of adults ≥ 20 years have a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30, and 11% of households are reported as food insecure. In adults, evidence shows women are more likely than men to be food insecure. Among adults with food insecurity, differences in BMI exist between men and women with women reporting higher BMI. Factors associated with this difference in BMI between genders are less understood.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to assess gender differences in the relationship between food insecurity and BMI.
DESIGN
Hierarchical models were analyzed using a general linear model by entering covariates sequentially in blocks (demographics, lifestyle behaviors, comorbidities, and dietary variables) and stratified by gender.
PARTICIPANTS
The sample included 25,567 adults in the USA from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2005-2014.
MAIN MEASURES
The dependent variable was BMI, and food insecurity was the primary predictor.
KEY RESULTS
Approximately 51% of the sample was women. Food insecure women were significantly more likely to have higher BMI compared to food secure women in the fully adjusted model after controlling for demographics (β = 1.79; 95% CI 1.17, 2.41); demographic and lifestyle factors (β = 1.79; 95% CI 1.19, 2.38); demographic, lifestyle, and comorbidities (β = 1.21; 95% CI 0.65, 1.77); and demographic, lifestyle, comorbidities, and dietary variables (β = 1.23; 95% CI 0.67, 1.79). There were no significant associations between food insecure and food secure men in the fully adjusted model variables (β = 0.36; 95% CI - 0.26, 0.98).
CONCLUSION
In this sample of adults, food insecurity was significantly associated with higher BMI among women after adjusting for demographics, lifestyle factors, comorbidities, and dietary variables. This difference was not observed among men. More research is necessary to understand this relationship among women.
背景
在美国，近 40%的 20 岁及以上成年人的身体质量指数（BMI）≥30，有 11%的家庭报告存在食物不安全问题。在成年人中，有证据表明女性比男性更容易出现食物不安全的情况。在食物不安全的成年人中，男性和女性的 BMI 存在差异，女性报告的 BMI 更高。对于这种性别间 BMI 差异的相关因素，人们的了解还比较有限。
目的
本研究旨在评估食物不安全与 BMI 之间的关系在性别上的差异。
设计
使用一般线性模型，通过按顺序进入块（人口统计学、生活方式行为、合并症和饮食变量）来分层，对 25567 名来自美国国家健康和营养检查调查（NHANES）的成年人进行分层分析。
参与者
该样本包括 2005-2014 年来自美国国家健康和营养检查调查（NHANES）的 25567 名成年人。
主要测量指标
因变量为 BMI，食物不安全为主要预测指标。
主要结果
该样本中约有 51%为女性。在完全调整后的模型中，与食物安全的女性相比，食物不安全的女性更有可能具有更高的 BMI，该模型在控制了人口统计学因素（β=1.79；95%置信区间 1.17，2.41）；人口统计学和生活方式因素（β=1.79；95%置信区间 1.19，2.38）；人口统计学、生活方式和合并症（β=1.21；95%置信区间 0.65，1.77）；以及人口统计学、生活方式、合并症和饮食变量（β=1.23；95%置信区间 0.67，1.79）后，差异具有统计学意义。在完全调整后的模型变量中，食物不安全与食物安全的男性之间没有显著关联（β=0.36；95%置信区间-0.26，0.98）。
结论
在本成年人样本中，在调整了人口统计学、生活方式因素、合并症和饮食变量后，食物不安全与女性的 BMI 升高显著相关，但在男性中未观察到这种关联。需要进一步研究以了解女性中的这种关系。
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