Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Graz, Austria.
Systematic Botany and Mycology, Department of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany.
Planta Med. 2023 Jul;89(8):824-832. doi: 10.1055/a-1855-1778. Epub 2022 Jul 22.
The unambiguous identification of plant material is a prerequisite of rational phytotherapy. Misidentification can even cause serious health problems, as in the case of the Chinese medicinal herb Zicao. Commercial material labelled "Zicao" may be derived from the roots of (ruan zicao), (ying zicao), or (dian zicao). All of these roots contain shikonin derivatives as main bioactive constituents, but ying zicao and dian zicao contain also hepatotoxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids in high amounts. Therefore, the use of with a very low pyrrolizidine alkaloid content is desirable. Confusions of the species occur quite often, indicating an urgent need for an unambiguous identification method. Discrimination of 23 zicao samples has been achieved by analyses of the nuclear internal transcribed spacer ITS2 and intergenic spacer of the chloroplast DNA. Data were analyzed using Bioedit, ClustalX, Mega 11 and BLAST. Results indicate that ITS2 barcoding can accurately distinguish from their adulterants. Subsequently, an HPTLC method has been developed allowing a chemical discrimination of the most widely used species. (22E)-Ergosta-4,6,8(14),22-tetraen-3-one has been identified as characteristic marker compound, allowing an unambiguous discrimination of and
植物材料的明确鉴定是合理植物疗法的前提。鉴定错误甚至可能导致严重的健康问题，就像中药紫草一样。标签为“紫草”的商业材料可能来自 （软紫草）、 （硬紫草）或 （滇紫草）的根。所有这些根都含有作为主要生物活性成分的紫草素衍生物，但硬紫草和滇紫草也含有大量的肝毒性吡咯里西啶生物碱。因此，使用吡咯里西啶生物碱含量非常低的 是可取的。由于种间混淆相当常见，因此迫切需要一种明确的鉴定方法。通过分析核内转录间隔区 ITS2 和叶绿体 DNA 的基因间 spacer，对 23 个紫草样品进行了区分。使用 Bioedit、ClustalX、Mega 11 和 BLAST 对数据进行了分析。结果表明，ITS2 条形码可以准确地区分 与其掺杂物。随后，开发了一种 HPTLC 方法，可以对最广泛使用的物种进行化学区分。（22E）-麦角甾-4,6,8(14),22-四烯-3-酮已被确定为特征标记化合物，可明确区分 和
