School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310024, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310024, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resource and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
J Hazard Mater. 2022 Oct 5;439:129602. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129602. Epub 2022 Jul 16.
Simultaneous determination of 58 congeners of polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PBDD/Fs), brominated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (Br-PAHs), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) from multiple stages of industrial-scale secondary copper smelting plants was conducted with the aim of understanding their variations and control. In addition to the historical manufacture of PBDEs as brominated flame retardants, this study confirmed that PBDEs can be unintentionally produced and released from the secondary copper industry. The average mass emission factors of PBDD/Fs, PBDEs, and Br-PAHs from different sources were 10.0, 5.21 × 10, and 7.24 × 10 μg t, respectively. Therefore, the emission of brominated persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the secondary copper industry should be of concern. The concentration of brominated POPs increased from the gas cooling stage to stack outlet due to the possible "memory effect" and the regenerated POPs were mainly low-brominated homologs. A comparison of brominated POPs with corresponding chlorinated analogs in the same process indicated that the formation pathway of Br-PAHs was consistent with that of chlorinated PAHs. However, unlike chlorinated dioxins and furans, PBDD/Fs can also be formed from PBDEs as precursors, leading to obvious increases in highly brominated furans. Therefore, inhibiting the unintentional formation of PBDEs is important for controlling brominated POPs emissions.
对工业规模二次铜冶炼厂多个阶段的 58 种多溴二苯并对二恶英和呋喃（PBDD/Fs）、溴化多环芳烃（Br-PAHs）和多溴二苯醚（PBDEs）进行了同时测定，目的是了解它们的变化和控制。除了历史上制造 PBDE 作为溴化阻燃剂外，本研究还证实 PBDE 可以在二次铜工业中意外产生和释放。来自不同来源的 PBDD/Fs、PBDEs 和 Br-PAHs 的平均质量排放因子分别为 10.0、5.21×10 和 7.24×10μg t。因此，二次铜工业中溴化持久性有机污染物（POPs）的排放应引起关注。由于可能存在“记忆效应”，溴化 POPs 的浓度从气体冷却阶段到烟囱出口增加，并且再生的 POPs 主要是低溴同系物。同一过程中溴化 POPs 与相应的氯化类似物的比较表明，Br-PAHs 的形成途径与氯化多环芳烃的形成途径一致。然而，与氯化二恶英和呋喃不同，PBDD/Fs 也可以作为前体从 PBDEs 形成，导致高溴化呋喃明显增加。因此，抑制 PBDEs 的无意形成对于控制溴化 POPs 的排放很重要。
