Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, China.
Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, China.
Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2022 Sep;128:279-287. doi: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.07.022. Epub 2022 Jul 20.
This study was performed to evaluate the potential application of mulberry leaf meal (ML) and fermented mulberry leaf meal (FML) as feed supplements in aquatic animals for developing varieties of practical and economical feed ingredients. Juveniles Megalobrama amblycephala were fed a basal diet (35.7% crude protein, 10.4% crude lipid; control group) supplemented with 2.22% and 4.44% mulberry leaf meals (ML2, ML4) and fermented mulberry leaf meals (FML2, FML4) for 8 weeks. Generally, the two-way ANOVA showed the supplementation level exhibited a prominent effect on the growth performance and physiological status of fish. Furthermore, the two-way ANOVA showed the supplementary fermented mulberry leaf meal increased plasma complement 4 (C4) content (P < 0.05). The weight gain rate (WGR, 145.87%) and the specific growth rate (SGR, 1.63%) were significantly increased in FML2 group compared with the control group (P < 0.05). The muscle crude lipid content and hepatosomatic index (HSI) were higher in FML2 group than that in ML2 group (P < 0.05). The hepatic GSH content in ML4 group and CAT, T-SOD activities in FML4 group were significantly increased compared with the control group (P < 0.05). The hepatic MDA content in FML4 group was significantly decreased compared with the FML2 group (P < 0.05). Total cholesterol (TC) contents showed a significant decrease in ML4 and FML4 groups compared with the control group (P < 0.05). Regarding the gene expression, sirtiun 1 (Sirt1) gene expression was elevated in FML2 group compared with the ML2 group (P < 0.05). Compare to the control group, FML2 diet significantly increased the expression of i-kappa-B alpha (IKBα) gene in liver, and decreased the expression of forkhead box O1 α (FoxO1α), toll-like receptors 4 (TLR4) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) genes (P < 0.05). In conclusion, 2.22% FML promoted the growth performance of M. amblycephala and enhanced the anti-inflammatory responses by inhibiting TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. On the other hand, 4.44% FML reduced plasma lipid content (hypolipedemic effect) and improved the hepatic antioxidant capacity of M. amblycephala.
本研究旨在评估桑树叶粉（ML）和发酵桑树叶粉（FML）作为水生动物饲料添加剂的潜在应用，以开发出实用且经济的饲料成分。将幼体团头鲂用基础饲料（35.7%粗蛋白，10.4%粗脂肪；对照组）喂养 8 周，基础饲料中分别添加 2.22%和 4.44%的桑树叶粉（ML2、ML4）和发酵桑树叶粉（FML2、FML4）。一般来说，双向方差分析表明，添加水平对鱼类的生长性能和生理状况有显著影响。此外，双向方差分析表明，补充发酵桑树叶粉可增加血浆补体 4（C4）含量（P<0.05）。与对照组相比，FML2 组的增重率（WGR，145.87%）和特定生长率（SGR，1.63%）显著提高（P<0.05）。FML2 组的肌肉粗脂肪含量和肝体比（HSI）高于 ML2 组（P<0.05）。与对照组相比，ML4 组的肝谷胱甘肽（GSH）含量和 FML4 组的 CAT、T-SOD 活性显著增加（P<0.05）。与 FML2 组相比，FML4 组的肝 MDA 含量显著降低（P<0.05）。与对照组相比，ML4 和 FML4 组的总胆固醇（TC）含量显著降低（P<0.05）。与 ML2 组相比，FML2 组 sirtiun 1（Sirt1）基因的表达水平升高（P<0.05）。与对照组相比，FML2 日粮显著增加了肝脏中 IKBα基因的表达，降低了 FoxO1α、Toll 样受体 4（TLR4）和核因子-κB（NF-κB）基因的表达（P<0.05）。综上所述，2.22%的 FML 促进了团头鲂的生长性能，并通过抑制 TLR4/NF-κB 信号通路增强了抗炎反应。另一方面，4.44%的 FML 降低了血浆脂质含量（降血脂作用），提高了团头鲂的肝抗氧化能力。
