Mitoquinol mesylate (MITOQ) attenuates diethyl nitrosamine-induced hepatocellular carcinoma through modulation of mitochondrial antioxidant defense systems.

Diethyl nitrosamine (DEN) induced cirrhosis-hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) model associates cancer progression with oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. This study investigated the effects of mitoquinol mesylate (MitoQ), a mitochondrial-targeted antioxidant on DEN-induced oxidative damage in HCC Wistar rats. Fifty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups. Healthy control, DEN, and MitoQ groups were orally administered exactly 10 mg/kg of distilled water, DEN, and MitoQ, respectively for 16 weeks. Animals in the MitoQ + DEN group were pre-treated with MitoQ for a week followed by co-administration of 10 mg/kg each of MitoQ and DEN. DEN + MitoQ group received DEN for 8 weeks, then co-administration of 10 mg/kg each of DEN and MitoQ till the end of 16th week. Survival index, tumour incidence, hematological profile, liver function indices, lipid profile, mitochondrial membrane composition, mitochondrial respiratory enzymes, and antioxidant defense status in both mitochondrial and post-mitochondrial fractions plus expression of antioxidant genes were assessed. In MitoQ + DEN and DEN + MitoQ groups, 80% survival occurred while tumour incidence decreased by 60% and 40% respectively, compared to the DEN-only treated group. Similarly, MitoQ-administered groups showed a significant ( < 0.05) decrease in the activities of liver function enzymes while hemoglobin concentration, red blood cell count, and packed cell volume were significantly elevated compared to the DEN-only treated group. Administration of MitoQ to the DEN-intoxicated groups successfully enhanced the activities of mitochondrial FF-ATPase and succinate dehydrogenase; and up-regulated the expression and activities of SOD2, CAT, and GPx1. Macroscopic and microscopic features indicated a reversal of DEN-induced hepatocellular degeneration in the MitoQ + DEN and DEN + MitoQ groups. These data revealed that MitoQ intervention attenuated DEN-induced oxidative stress through modulation of mitochondrial antioxidant defense systems and alleviated the burden of HCC as a chemotherapeutic agent.