Saban Mor, Kaim Arielle, Myers Vicki, Wilf-Miron Rachel
Department of Health Technology and Policy Evaluation, Gertner Institute for Epidemiology and Health Policy Research, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-HaShomer, Israel.
Department of Emergency and Disaster Management, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv-Yafo, Israel.
Popul Health Manag. 2022 Oct;25(5):684-691. doi: 10.1089/pop.2022.0078. Epub 2022 Jul 25.
Despite widespread vaccination, the COVID-19 pandemic continues to cause global disruption. Authors describe the pace of COVID-19 vaccination in Israel and examine differences in morbidity and mortality rates over time between vaccinated and unvaccinated populations. Retrospective data were obtained between December 2020 and December 2021 on daily vaccine uptake by age group (20-39, 40-59, 60+ years): rate of hospitalized severely ill cases, vaccination status and age group, and death rate per 100,000 by date and vaccination status. Uptake of first and second doses was slower in 20-59-year olds, whereas in 60+-year olds, it occurred without delay. Once most adults were vaccinated, a gap appeared with much higher severe cases and deaths in unvaccinated versus vaccinated populations; this gap attenuated by late May with very low rates in both vaccinated and unvaccinated populations until mid-July, when rates began to rise again. A herd-immunity-like period occurred in Spring 2021, with unvaccinated benefitting from a highly vaccinated population. Staggered vaccine uptake led to unsynchronized high immunity, which contributed to the fourth pandemic wave. Population vaccination within a shorter timeframe or shorter intervals between boosters may be important to reduce viral transmission.
尽管疫苗广泛接种，但新冠疫情仍在持续造成全球混乱。作者描述了以色列的新冠疫苗接种速度，并研究了接种人群和未接种人群之间发病率和死亡率随时间的差异。回顾性数据收集于2020年12月至2021年12月期间，内容包括按年龄组（20 - 39岁、40 - 59岁、60岁及以上）划分的每日疫苗接种率、重症住院病例率、疫苗接种状态和年龄组，以及按日期和疫苗接种状态划分的每10万人死亡率。20 - 59岁人群的第一剂和第二剂疫苗接种速度较慢，而60岁及以上人群的接种则没有延迟。一旦大多数成年人接种了疫苗，未接种人群与接种人群之间就出现了差距，未接种人群中的重症病例和死亡人数要高得多；到5月下旬，这一差距有所缩小，接种人群和未接种人群的发病率都非常低，直到7月中旬发病率又开始上升。2021年春季出现了类似群体免疫的时期，未接种者受益于高接种率人群。错开的疫苗接种导致免疫高峰不同步，这促成了第四波疫情。在更短的时间内进行群体接种或缩短加强针之间的间隔时间对于减少病毒传播可能很重要。
