Alkatheri Asma Hussain, Yap Polly Soo-Xi, Abushelaibi Aisha, Lai Kok-Song, Cheng Wan-Hee, Lim Swee-Hua Erin
Health Sciences Division, Abu Dhabi Women's College, Higher Colleges of Technology, Abu Dhabi 41012, United Arab Emirates.
Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Darul Ehsan 47500, Selangor, Malaysia.
Membranes (Basel). 2022 Jul 19;12(7):715. doi: 10.3390/membranes12070715.
The bacterial membrane is part of a secretion system which plays an integral role to secrete proteins responsible for cell viability and pathogenicity; pathogenic bacteria, for example, secrete virulence factors and other membrane-associated proteins to invade the host cells through various types of secretion systems (Type I to Type IX). The bacterial membrane can also mediate microbial communities' communication through quorum sensing (QS), by secreting auto-stimulants to coordinate gene expression. QS plays an important role in regulating various physiological processes, including bacterial biofilm formation while providing increased virulence, subsequently leading to antimicrobial resistance. Multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacteria have emerged as a threat to global health, and various strategies targeting QS and biofilm formation have been explored by researchers worldwide. Since the bacterial secretion systems play such a crucial role in host-bacterial interactions, this review intends to outline current understanding of bacterial membrane systems, which may provide new insights for designing approaches aimed at antimicrobials discovery. Various mechanisms pertaining interaction of the bacterial membrane with host cells and antimicrobial agents will be highlighted, as well as the evolution of bacterial membranes in evasion of antimicrobial agents. Finally, the use of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) as a cellular device for bacterial secretion systems will be discussed as emerging potential candidates for the treatment of multidrug resistance infections.
细菌膜是分泌系统的一部分，该分泌系统在分泌负责细胞活力和致病性的蛋白质方面发挥着不可或缺的作用；例如，致病细菌通过各种类型的分泌系统（I型至IX型）分泌毒力因子和其他膜相关蛋白以侵入宿主细胞。细菌膜还可通过群体感应（QS）介导微生物群落的通讯，即分泌自诱导剂来协调基因表达。群体感应在调节包括细菌生物膜形成在内的各种生理过程中发挥着重要作用，同时增加毒力，随后导致抗菌药物耐药性。多重耐药（MDR）细菌已成为全球健康的威胁，世界各地的研究人员探索了多种针对群体感应和生物膜形成的策略。由于细菌分泌系统在宿主 - 细菌相互作用中起着至关重要的作用，本综述旨在概述目前对细菌膜系统的理解，这可能为设计抗菌药物发现方法提供新的见解。将重点介绍细菌膜与宿主细胞及抗菌剂相互作用的各种机制，以及细菌膜在逃避抗菌剂方面的演变。最后，将讨论使用抗菌肽（AMPs）作为细菌分泌系统的细胞装置，作为治疗多重耐药感染的新兴潜在候选物。
