Division of Epidemiology, The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China.
From the Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
Menopause. 2022 Aug 1;29(8):932-943. doi: 10.1097/GME.0000000000001990.
This study aimed to evaluate the associations between breast cancer risk and intake of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and/or n-3 PUFA subclasses in Chinese women, and determine whether these associations varied with menopausal status or clinical characteristics.
A hospital-based case-control study including 1,589 cases and 1,621 age-frequency-matched controls was conducted. Dietary data were assessed by a validated food frequency questionnaire. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals were obtained using multiple unconditional logistic regression models after controlling for potential confounders.
Higher intake of marine n-3 PUFAs and total n-3 PUFAs was associated with lower risk of breast cancer, with adjusted OR quartile 4 v.1 (95% confidence intervals) of 0.68 (0.55-0.84) and 0.56 (0.42-0.75), respectively. Dietary a-linolenic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, docosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid were also inversely associated with breast cancer risk, with adjusted ORs (95% confidence intervals) of 0.51 (0.38-0.70), 0.68 (0.55-0.84), 0.68 (0.55-0.85), and 0.76 (0.61-0.94), respectively. In stratified analyses, these inverse associations between risk and dietary n-3 PUFAs were more evident among premenopausal women and women with ER+, PR+ and ER+PR+ tumors. A decreased risk of breast cancer was significantly associated with increasing n-3 PUFA intake in obese/overweight women, but not in women of normal weight. There was a significant interaction between linoleic acid and marine n-3 PUFAs.
High intake of n-3 PUFAs and n-3 PUFA subtypes was associated with a lower risk of breast cancer, especially among premenopausal women and women with ER+ and/or PR+ subtype breast cancer.
本研究旨在评估中国女性乳腺癌风险与 n-3 多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）和/或 n-3PUFA 亚类摄入量之间的关系，并确定这些关系是否因绝经状态或临床特征而有所不同。
进行了一项基于医院的病例对照研究，纳入了 1589 例病例和 1621 名年龄频数匹配的对照。通过经过验证的食物频率问卷评估饮食数据。在控制潜在混杂因素后，使用多个无条件逻辑回归模型获得比值比（OR）和 95%置信区间。
较高的海洋 n-3PUFA 和总 n-3PUFA 摄入量与乳腺癌风险降低相关，调整后的第 4 四分位 v.1（95%置信区间）的 OR 为 0.68（0.55-0.84）和 0.56（0.42-0.75）。膳食 α-亚麻酸、二十碳五烯酸、二十二碳五烯酸、二十二碳六烯酸也与乳腺癌风险呈负相关，调整后的 OR（95%置信区间）分别为 0.51（0.38-0.70）、0.68（0.55-0.84）、0.68（0.55-0.85）和 0.76（0.61-0.94）。在分层分析中，这些 n-3PUFA 与风险之间的负相关在绝经前妇女和雌激素受体阳性、孕激素受体阳性和雌激素受体阳性孕激素受体阳性肿瘤的妇女中更为明显。在肥胖/超重妇女中，乳腺癌风险的降低与 n-3PUFA 摄入量的增加显著相关，但在体重正常的妇女中则不然。亚油酸与海洋 n-3PUFA 之间存在显著的交互作用。
n-3PUFA 和 n-3PUFA 亚型的高摄入量与乳腺癌风险降低相关，尤其是在绝经前妇女和雌激素受体阳性和/或孕激素受体阳性的乳腺癌妇女中。
