Emmerton J
Perception. 1986;15(5):573-88. doi: 10.1068/p150573.
The ability of pigeons to discriminate complex motion patterns was investigated with the aid of moving Lissajous figures. The pigeons successfully learned to differentiate two successively presented cyclic trajectories of a single moving dot. This suggests that they can recognize a movement Gestalt when information about shape is minimal. They also quickly learned a new discrimination between moving-outline stimuli with repetitively changing contour patterns. Contrasting results were obtained when the dot or outline stimuli were axis-rotated through 90 degrees. Rotational invariance of pattern discrimination was clearly demonstrated only when moving contours were visible. Nevertheless, pigeons could discriminate the axis-orientation of a moving-dot or moving-outline pattern when trained to do so. Discrimination did not seem to depend on single parameters of motion but rather on the recognition of a temporally integrated movement Gestalt. The visual system of pigeons, as well as that of humans, may be well adapted to recognize the types of oscillatory movements that represent components of the motor behaviour shown by many living organisms.
借助移动的李萨如图形，对鸽子辨别复杂运动模式的能力进行了研究。鸽子成功学会区分单个移动点先后呈现的两个循环轨迹。这表明，当形状信息极少时，它们能够识别运动完形。它们还很快学会了对轮廓模式反复变化的移动轮廓刺激进行新的分辨。当点或轮廓刺激绕轴旋转90度时，得到了相反的结果。只有当移动轮廓可见时，模式辨别的旋转不变性才得到明确证明。然而，当经过训练后，鸽子能够辨别移动点或移动轮廓模式的轴方向。辨别似乎并不取决于运动的单个参数，而是取决于对时间上整合的运动完形的识别。鸽子的视觉系统以及人类的视觉系统，可能都非常适合识别那些代表许多生物体所展示的运动行为组成部分的振荡运动类型。
