Du Hairong, Yu Jingjing, Li Qian, Zhang Minghai
College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
Resources & Environment College, Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University, Nyingchi 860000, China.
Animals (Basel). 2022 Jul 16;12(14):1817. doi: 10.3390/ani12141817.
is a top predator that maintains the integrity of forest ecosystems and is an integral part of biodiversity. No more than 400 Amur tigers () are left in the wild, whereas the South China tiger () is thought to be extinct in the wild, and molecular biology has been widely used in conservation and management. In this study, the genetic information of Amur tigers and South China tigers was studied by whole-genome sequencing (WGS). A total of 647 Gb of high-quality clean data was obtained. There were 6.3 million high-quality single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), among which most (66.3%) were located in intergenic regions, with an average of 31.72% located in coding sequences. There were 1.73 million insertion-deletions (InDels), among which there were 2438 InDels (0.10%) in the coding region, and 270 thousand copy number variations (CNVs). Significant genetic differences were found between the Amur tiger and the South China tiger based on a principal component analysis and phylogenetic tree. The linkage disequilibrium analysis showed that the linkage disequilibrium attenuation distance of the South China tiger and the Amur tiger was almost the same, whereas the r of the South China tiger was 0.6, and the r of the Amur tiger was 0.4. We identified functional genes and regulatory pathways related to reproduction, disease, predation, and metabolism and characterized functional genes related to survival in the wild, such as smell, vision, muscle, and predatory ability. The data also provide new evidence for the adaptation of Amur tigers to cold environments. is involved in temperature regulation in a cold climate. and regulate body temperature to keep it constant. Our results can provide genetic support for precise interspecies conservation and management planning in the future.
是维持森林生态系统完整性的顶级捕食者，是生物多样性不可或缺的一部分。野生东北虎数量不超过400只，而华南虎被认为已在野外灭绝，分子生物学已广泛应用于保护和管理工作。在本研究中，通过全基因组测序（WGS）对东北虎和华南虎的遗传信息进行了研究。共获得647Gb的高质量清洁数据。有630万个高质量单核苷酸多态性（SNP），其中大部分（66.3%）位于基因间区域，平均31.72%位于编码序列中。有173万个插入缺失（InDel），其中编码区有2438个InDel（0.10%），以及27万个拷贝数变异（CNV）。基于主成分分析和系统发育树发现东北虎和华南虎之间存在显著的遗传差异。连锁不平衡分析表明，华南虎和东北虎的连锁不平衡衰减距离几乎相同，而华南虎的r为0.6，东北虎的r为0.4。我们鉴定了与繁殖、疾病、捕食和代谢相关的功能基因和调控途径，并对与野外生存相关的功能基因进行了表征，如嗅觉、视觉、肌肉和捕食能力。这些数据也为东北虎适应寒冷环境提供了新证据。参与寒冷气候下的体温调节。和调节体温以保持恒定。我们的结果可为未来精确的物种间保护和管理规划提供遗传支持。
