College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
Ningxia Forestry Project Management Center, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China.
PeerJ. 2024 May 6;12:e17381. doi: 10.7717/peerj.17381. eCollection 2024.
is an important intestinal flora, of which pathogenic is capable of causing many enteric and extra-intestinal diseases. Antibiotics are essential for the treatment of bacterial infections caused by pathogenic ; however, with the widespread use of antibiotics, drug resistance in has become particularly serious, posing a global threat to human, animal, and environmental health. While the drug resistance and pathogenicity of carried by tigers and leopards in captivity have been studied intensively in recent years, there is an extreme lack of information on in these top predators in the wild environment.
Whole genome sequencing data of 32 strains collected from the feces of wild Amur tiger (, = 24) and North China leopard (, = 8) were analyzed in this article. The multi-locus sequence types, serotypes, virulence and resistance genotypes, plasmid replicon types, and core genomic SNPs phylogeny of these isolates were studied. Additionally, antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) was performed on these isolates.
Among the isolates studied, 18 different sequence types were identified, with ST939 (21.9%), ST10 (15.6%), and ST3246 (9.4%) being the most prevalent. A total of 111 virulence genes were detected, averaging about 54 virulence genes per sample. They contribute to invasion, adherence, immune evasion, efflux pump, toxin, motility, stress adaption, and other virulence-related functions of . Sixty-eight AMR genes and point mutations were identified. Among the detected resistance genes, those belonging to the efflux pump family were the most abundant. Thirty-two isolates showed the highest rate of resistance to tetracycline (14/32; 43.8%), followed by imipenem (4/32; 12.5%), ciprofloxacin (3/32; 9.4%), doxycycline (2/32; 6.3%), and norfloxacin (1/32; 3.1%).
Our results suggest that isolates carried by wild Amur tigers and North China leopards have potential pathogenicity and drug resistance.
是一种重要的肠道菌群，其中致病性能够引起许多肠道和肠道外疾病。抗生素是治疗由致病性引起的细菌感染的关键，但随着抗生素的广泛使用， 的耐药性变得尤为严重，对人类、动物和环境健康构成了全球性威胁。虽然近年来对圈养虎和豹携带的 和毒力进行了深入研究，但在野生环境中，这些顶级捕食者携带的 耐药性和毒力信息极为缺乏。
本文分析了从野生东北虎（n=24）和华北豹（n=8）粪便中收集的 32 株 的全基因组测序数据。研究了这些分离株的多位点序列类型、血清型、毒力和耐药基因型、质粒复制子类型和核心基因组 SNP 系统发育，并对这些分离株进行了抗菌药物敏感性试验（AST）。
在所研究的分离株中，鉴定出 18 种不同的序列类型，其中 ST939（21.9%）、ST10（15.6%）和 ST3246（9.4%）最为流行。共检测到 111 个毒力基因，平均每个样本约有 54 个毒力基因。它们有助于 的侵袭、黏附、免疫逃避、外排泵、毒素、运动性、应激适应和其他与毒力相关的功能。共鉴定出 68 个 AMR 基因和点突变。在所检测到的耐药基因中，属于外排泵家族的基因最为丰富。32 株分离株对四环素的耐药率最高（14/32；43.8%），其次是亚胺培南（4/32；12.5%）、环丙沙星（3/32；9.4%）、强力霉素（2/32；6.3%）和诺氟沙星（1/32；3.1%）。
我们的结果表明，野生东北虎和华北豹携带的 分离株具有潜在的致病性和耐药性。
